General Education

Faculty of the Committee on General Education

Jay M. Harris, Harry Austryn Wolfson Professor of Jewish Studies (Chair)
Ali S. Asani, Professor of the Practice of Indo-Muslim Languages and Cultures
Julie A. Buckler, Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures
Scott V. Edwards, Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology
Jerry R. Green, John Leverett Professor and David A. Wells Professor of Political Economy
Edward J. Hall, Professor of Philosophy
Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Victor S. Thomas Professor of History and of African and African American Studies
Jennifer L. Hochschild, Henry LaBarre Jayne Professor of Government and Professor of African and African American Studies, Harvard College Professor (on leave spring term)
John Huth, Donner Professor of Science
Andrew W. Murray, Herchel Smith Professor of Molecular Genetics

As part of the Harvard College Curricular Review, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences voted to replace the existing, thirty-year-old Core Curriculum requirements with a new Program in General Education in order to align these requirements with the educational needs of Harvard College students at the dawn of the twenty-first century. In contrast with the Core Curriculum, which required that students be exposed to a number of different "ways of knowing," the new Program seeks explicitly to "connect a student’s liberal education - that is, an education conducted in a spirit of free inquiry, rewarding in its own right - to life beyond college." In addition, the new Program in General Education seeks to provide new opportunities for students to learn - and faculty to teach - in ways that cut across traditional departmental and intra-University lines.

The new Program requires that students pass one letter-graded half-course in each of eight categories: Aesthetic and Interpretive Understanding; Culture and Belief; Empirical and Mathematical Reasoning; Ethical Reasoning; Science of Living Systems; Science of the Physical Universe; Societies of the World; United States in the World.

The new Program goes into effect for the Class of 2013. Current students may be permitted to switch to the new Program after it is launched, but all students in the Class of 2012 should enter the College planning to meet the Core requirements.

For the most up-to-date listing of General Education course offerings, please see the on-line version of Courses of Instruction, as well as the website (www.generaleducation.fas.harvard.edu).

Aesthetic and Interpretive Understanding

Aesthetic and Interpretive Understanding 11. Poetry Without Borders - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 0416
Stephanie Sandler
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 1–2:30, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16
Studies poetry as a cultural practice that requires and perversely challenges visual, linguistic, geographic, and aesthetic borders. Main topics are translation (poems crossing borders), emigration/exile (poets crossing borders), and poetry and other arts (poems joining with music, film, photography, and philosophy). Poems and prose by Bernstein, Bei Dao, Brodsky, Grünbein, Howe, Kaminsky, Nabokov, Sebald, and Wright, among others; theoretical texts, sound recordings, visual images, films, and poetry performances. Frequent short written work.
Note: This course, when taken for a letter grade, meets the Core area requirement for Literature and Arts A.

Aesthetic and Interpretive Understanding 12. Poetry in America - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 0748
Elisa New
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 11:30–1, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 13, 14
Surveying 300+ years of poetry in America, from the Puritans to the avant-garde poets of this new century, the course covers individual figures (Poe, Whitman, Dickinson, Frost, Williams, Hughes), major poetic movements (Firesides, Modernist, New York, Confessional, L-A-N-G-U-A-G-E) and probes uses of poetry across changing times. Who, and what, are poems for? For poets? Readers? To give vent to the soul? To paint or sculpt with words? Alter consciousness? Raise cultural tone? Students will read, write about and also recite American poems.
Note: This course, when taken for a letter grade, meets the Core area requirement for Literature and Arts A.

Aesthetic and Interpretive Understanding 13 (formerly Spanish 180). Cultural Agents
Catalog Number: 0460
Doris Sommer
Half course (spring term). M., 3–5. EXAM GROUP: 8, 9
Explore the arts as social resources! Starting with a "Cultural Agents Fair" to meet local change artists as possible partners for collaborative projects (on mayors, music, murals, mimes, etc.), students will consider how defamiliarization and the counterfactual make change thinkable. Then we will track how aesthetic effects and side-effects can promote social change. Theoretical readings (Schiller, Kant, Dewey, Freire, Gramsci, Rancière, Mockus, Boal, García-Canclini, inter alia) are grounded in concrete cases of agency.

[Aesthetic and Interpretive Understanding 14. (formerly Literature and Arts C-56). Putting Modernism Together] - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 7613
Daniel Albright
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., at 12, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 14
Just as a pine or a willow is known from the shape of its branching, so human culture can be understood as a growth-pattern, a ramifying of artistic, intellectual, and political action. This course tries to find the center of the Modernist movement (1872-1927) by studying the literature, music, and painting of the period, to see whether some congruence of effort in all these media can be found. By looking at the range of artistic production in a few key years, we come to know this age of aesthetic extremism, perhaps unparalleled in Western history.
Note: Expected to be given in 2009–10. This course, when taken for a letter grade, meets the Core area requirement for Literature and Arts C.

Aesthetic and Interpretive Understanding 15 (formerly English 34). Elements of Rhetoric
Catalog Number: 3820 Enrollment: Limited to 100.
James Engell
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., at 10. EXAM GROUP: 12
Classical rhetorical theory, as originating with Aristotle, in contemporary applications. The nature of rhetoric in modern culture; practical examples drawn from American history and literature 1765 to present; written exercises and attention to public speaking; briefly treats the history and educational importance of rhetoric in the West; stresses theory and practice as inseparable; non-concentrators encouraged.

Cross-listed courses that satisfy the Aesthetic and Interpretive Understanding requirement

English 127 (formerly Humanities 27). A Silk Road Course: Travel and Transformation on the High Seas: An Imaginary Journey in the Early 17th Century
*English 158. The Novel in Europe - (New Course)
French 132b. 20th-Century French Fiction II: The Experimental Mode
*Humanities 10. An Introductory Humanities Colloquium
Literature and Arts A-22. Poems, Poets, Poetry
Literature and Arts A-51. Virgil: Poetry and Reception
[Literature and Arts A-64. American Literature and the American Environment]
Literature and Arts A-88. Interracial Literature
[Literature and Arts B-51. First Nights: Five Performance Premieres]

Culture and Belief

Culture and Belief 11. Medicine and the Body in East Asia and in Europe - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 8736
Shigehisa Kuriyama
Half course (fall term). M., W., at 11, and a 90-minute weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 4
Comparative historical exploration of the striking differences and unexpected similarities between traditional conceptions of the body in East Asian and European medicine; the evolution of beliefs within medical traditions; the relationship between traditional medicine and contemporary experience.

[Culture and Belief 12. For the Love of God and His Prophet: Religion, Literature, and the Arts in Muslim Cultures] - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 7027
Ali S. Asani
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 11:30–1, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 13, 14
The course surveys the literary and artistic dimensions of the devotional life of the world’s Muslim communities, focusing on the role of literature and the arts (poetry, music, architecture, calligraphy, etc.) as expressions of piety and socio-political critique. An important aim of the course is to explore the relationships between religion, literature, and the arts in a variety of historical and cultural contexts in the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Europe, and America.
Note: Expected to be given in 2009–10. No prior knowledge of Islam required. Offered jointly with the Divinity School as 3627.

Culture and Belief 13. The Contested Bible: The Sacred-Secular Dance - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 9458
Jay M. Harris
Half course (spring term). M., W., F., at 10, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 3
A short history of the Bible. Questions addressed include how the Bible became a book, and how that book became sacred; the advantages and burdens of a sacred text; Jewish-Christian disputations; how interpretive efforts helped create and reinforce powerful elites; how that text became the object of criticism; and how the Bible fared after the rise of criticism.

Culture and Belief 14. Human Being and the Sacred in the History of the West - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 4605
Sean D. Kelly
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 10–11:30, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 12, 13
What stand should we take on our lives, our activity, and who we are to be? Traditionally religion has guided us, but many argue that in our secular age it can no longer play that role. We approach these questions by considering the history of the understanding of human being and the sacred in the West. Readings chosen from among Homer, the Bible, Aeschylus, Virgil, Augustine, Dante, Luther, Shakespeare, Milton, Pascal, Nietzsche, Melville, and others.

Culture and Belief 15. The Presence of the Past - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 7544
Julie A. Buckler
Half course (spring term). M., W., F., at 11, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 4
Explores how material artifacts and physical markers of the past help create contemporary cultural landscapes and how societies variously construct and employ "a usable past." Examples from United States, post-Soviet sphere, Europe and postcolonial states illustrate the workings of cultural politics, collective memory, museums, monuments, memorials, souvenirs, memorabilia, and commemorative practices. Literary texts, artworks, and film suggest diverse cultural meanings of the past as presence.

Culture and Belief 16 (formerly Folklore and Mythology 100). Performance, Tradition and Cultural Studies: An Introduction to Folklore and Mythology - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 6753
Stephen A. Mitchell
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., at 10, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 12
Examines major forms of folklore (e.g., myths, legends, epics, beliefs, rituals, festivals) and the theoretical approaches used in their study. Analyzes how folklore shapes national, regional, and ethnic identities, as well as daily life; considers the function of folklore within the groups that perform and use it, employing materials drawn from a wide range of areas (e.g., South Slavic oral epics, American occupational lore, Northern European ballads, witchcraft in Africa and America, Cajun Mardi Gras).
Note: Required of Concentrators and for the Secondary Field in Folklore & Mythology.

Culture and Belief 17 (formerly Historical Studies B-06). Institutional Violence and Public Spectacle: The Case of the Roman Games
Catalog Number: 2603
Kathleen M. Coleman
Half course (fall term). M., W., F., at 10, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 3
Gladiatorial combat, beast fights, staged hunts, mock naval battles, and exposure of criminals to wild animals were defining features of the culture of ancient Rome. Examining texts and images from across the Roman world, this course seeks to identify and probe the values, attitudes, and social, political, and economic factors that contributed to the popularity of institutionalized violence as public entertainment for six hundred years from the Punic Wars until the Christianization of the Empire.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2009–10. This course, when taken for a letter grade, meets the Core requirement for Historical Studies B.

Cross-listed courses that satisfy the Culture and Belief requirement

Folklore and Mythology 126. Continuing Oral Tradition in Native American Literature
Foreign Cultures 70. Understanding Islam and Contemporary Muslim Societies
Historical Study A-27. Reason and Faith in the West

Empirical and Mathematical Reasoning

Cross-listed courses that satisfy the Empirical and Mathematical Reasoning Requirement

Mathematics 154 (formerly Mathematics 191). Probability Theory
Quantitative Reasoning 48. Bits
Social Analysis 46. Thinking about Politics: A Rational Choice Approach

Ethical Reasoning

Ethical Reasoning 11. Human Rights: A Philosophical Introduction - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 6441
Mathias Risse (Kennedy School)
Half course (spring term). M., W., at 11, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 4
What are human rights? Why would individuals have such rights? How can rights be universal, and what rights are universal? How can human rights rhetoric be criticized? This course will approach these and related questions philosophically, but with an eye to international politics.
Note: This course, when taken for a letter grade, meets the Core area requirement for Moral Reasoning.

Ethical Reasoning 12. Political Justice and Political Trials - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 5064
Charles S. Maier
Half course (fall term). W., 2–4, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Criminal trials have served throughout history to enforce revolutionary change, to impose conformity, or, alternatively, to advance democracy. Students examine trials in their historical and moral context to weigh such issues as who can prosecute; can crimes be defined after the fact; can punishing speech be justified? Cases include Socrates, Louis XVI, General Dyer, the Soviet purges, Eichmann, World War II collaborators, American cold-war hearings, and today’s international tribunals and truth commissions.

Cross-listed courses that satisfy the Ethical Reasoning Requirement

Moral Reasoning 22. Justice

Science of Living Systems

Science of Living Systems 11. (formerly Science B-47). Molecules of Life - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 9478
Jon Clardy (Medical School) and David R. Liu
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., 10–11:30, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 12, 13
Large molecules – DNA, RNA, and proteins – encode and transmit the inherited information in our genes. This course focuses instead on the small molecules that link the genetic program in our DNA to the world in which we live. Small molecules govern how our bodies develop, allow us to respond to changes in our environment, and carry our thoughts. They are also the basis of the drugs we use to fight infections and combat diseases including cancer, diabetes, and depression. In the future, small molecules could even be used to direct the fate of stem cells or extend life.
Note: This course, when taken for a letter grade, meets the Core area requirement for Science B.

Science of Living Systems 12. Understanding Darwinism - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 5523
Janet Browne and Andrew J. Berry
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 10–11:30, and a weekly section/laboratory to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 12, 13
An interdisciplinary exploration of Darwin’s ideas and their impact on science and society. The course reviews the development of the main elements of the theory of evolution, highlighting those areas in which Darwin’s ideas have proved remarkably robust and where subsequent developments have significantly modified the theory. By also analyzing the historical context of the development of evolutionary thought both up to and beyond Darwin, the course emphasizes the dynamic interplay between science and society.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2009–10.

Cross-listed courses that satisfy the Science of Living Systems Requirement

Life Sciences 1a. An Integrated Introduction to the Life Sciences: Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology
Life Sciences 1b. An Integrated Introduction to the Life Sciences: Genetics, Genomics, and Evolution
Science B-53. Marine Biology
Science B-62. The Human Mind: An Introduction to Mind, Brain, and Behavior

Science of the Physical Universe

Cross-listed courses that satisfy the Science of the Physical Universe Requirement

Science A-49. The Physics of Music and Sound

Societies of the World

Societies of the World 11. Germany in the World, 1600-2000 - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 2359
David Blackbourn
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., at 11, and a weekly section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 13
This course examines how German-speaking Europe and its inhabitants have interacted with the wider world over the last four centuries. Political and military dimensions receive attention, but so do trade and commodity flows, migration, ecological exchanges, travel, exploration, colonialism, and cultural transfers. The course, in which visual materials play an integral part, seeks to show how a national history can be seen in new ways when viewed through a transnational perspective.
Note: This course, when taken for a letter grade, meets the Core area requirement for Historical Study A. Students who have taken Historical Study A-76 may not take this course for credit.

Cross-listed courses that satisfy the Societies of the World Requirement

Economics 1400. The Contents of Globalization: Issues, Actors, and Decisions
Historical Study A-13. China: Traditions and Transformations
[Historical Study B-64. The Cuban Revolution, 1956-1971: A Self-Debate]
Social Studies 50. Genocide - (New Course)

United States in the World

Cross-listed courses that satisfy the United States in the World Requirement

Historical Study B-40. Pursuits of Happiness: Ordinary Lives in Revolutionary America