Astronomy

Faculty of the Department of Astronomy

James M. Moran, Donald H. Menzel Professor of Astrophysics (Chair)
Charles Alcock, Professor of Astronomy
Edo Berger, Assistant Professor of Astronomy
David Charbonneau, Thomas D. Cabot Associate Professor of Astronomy (Director of Undergraduate Studies)
Alexander Dalgarno, Phillips Professor of Astronomy
Douglas Finkbeiner, Assistant Professor of Astronomy and of Physics
Alyssa A. Goodman, Professor of Astronomy
Jonathan E. Grindlay, Paine Professor of Practical Astronomy
Lars Hernquist, Mallinckrodt Professor of Astrophysics
John P. Huchra, Robert O and Holly Thomis Doyle Professor of Cosmology (Director of Graduate Studies)
Robert P. Kirshner, Clowes Professor of Science
John M. Kovac, Assistant Professor of Astronomy and of Physics
Julia C. Lee, Associate Professor of Astronomy
Abraham Loeb, Professor of Astronomy
Ramesh Narayan, Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences
Philip M. Sadler, Frances W Wright Senior Lecturer on Celestial Navigation in the Department of Astronomy
Dimitar D. Sasselov, Professor of Astronomy
Irwin I. Shapiro, Timken University Professor
Christopher Stubbs, Harvard College Professor, Professor of Physics and of Astronomy
Patrick Thaddeus, Robert Wheeler Willson Professor of Applied Astronomy

Other Faculty Offering Instruction in the Department of Astronomy

Raymond Blundell, Lecturer on Astronomy
Thomas M. Dame, Lecturer on Astronomy
Rosanne DiStefano, Lecturer on Astronomy
Martin S. Elvis, Lecturer on Astronomy
Daniel G. Fabricant, Lecturer on Astronomy
Giovanni G. Fazio, Lecturer on Astronomy
Christine Jones Forman, Lecturer on Astronomy
William Richard Forman, Lecturer on Astronomy
Lincoln J. Greenhill, Lecturer on Astronomy
Matthew Holman, Lecturer on Astronomy
Lisa Kaltenegger, Lecturer on Astronomy
Justin C. Kasper, Lecturer on Astronomy
David W. Latham, Lecturer on Astronomy
Myron Lecar, Lecturer on Astronomy
Jeffrey E. McClintock, Lecturer on Astronomy
Patrick O. Slane, Lecturer on Astronomy
David J. Wilner, Lecturer on Astronomy
Qizhou Zhang, Lecturer on Astronomy

Astronomy 16 provides an introduction to stellar and planetary astrophysics, and Astronomy 17 provides an introduction to galactic and extragalactic astrophysics. Both courses use single-variable calculus and some introductory mechanics. Together these two courses, which maybe taken in either order, provide a complete introductory survey of astrophysics. Astronomy 16 and 17 form the foundation for both the secondary field and the concentration in astrophysics. Students interested in an introduction to the methods of observational astrophysics are encouraged to consider Astronomy 100, which includes a trip to use the telescopes located at the F. L. Whipple Observatory in Arizona. Astronomy 98 is a research tutorial intended for students pursuing the astrophysics concentration or secondary field, although this course is open in special cases to concentrators in related fields. Students interested in substantial independent research during their senior year should consider Astronomy 99, leading to the senior thesis. Astronomy 110, 120, 130, 150, 151, 191, 192, and 193 each offer the opportunity for study of a particular field of astrophysics. Each of these courses require preparation in mathematics and physics.

Students interested in an introduction to astronomy that presumes no mathematical preparation above the level of high school algebra should consider Science A-35, A-36, A-54, and Astronomy 2. These courses use a variety of approaches aimed at introducing the key concepts that address some of the great questions of astronomy.

Primarily for Undergraduates

Astronomy 2. Celestial Navigation
Catalog Number: 2179 Enrollment: Limited to 30.
Philip M. Sadler and assistants
Half course (fall term). Tu., 11:30-1:30, and Tu., 7-10 pm. EXAM GROUP: 13, 14, 18
Never be lost again! Find your way on sea, land, or air by employing celestial and terrestrial techniques. Acquire expertise in using navigators’ tools (sextant, compass, and charts) while learning the steps to the celestial dance of the sun, moon, stars, and planets. This 107-year-old course continues to rely on practical skills and collaborative problem-solving, while utilizing historical artifacts (instruments, maps, captains’ logs) and student-built devices.
Note: Minimal lecturing; predominantly practical laboratory activities with individual attention from teaching staff. Math beyond high school trigonometry and geometry unnecessary. Some familiarity with sailing and/astronomy is helpful.

Astronomy 16. Stellar and Planetary Astronomy
Catalog Number: 8813
David Charbonneau
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 2:30–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
This course provides an introduction to the physical principles describing the formation and evolution of stars and their planetary companions. Topics include thermal radiation and stellar spectra; telescopes; energy generation in stars; stellar evolution; orbital dynamics; the Solar system; and exoplanets. This course includes an observational component: Students will determine the distance to the Sun, and use the Clay Telescope atop the Science Center to study stellar evolution and detect exoplanets.
Note: This course, when taken for a letter grade, meets the General Education requirement for Science of the Physical Universe or the Core area requirement for Science A.
Prerequisite: An introductory course in mechanics, which may be taken concurrently, satisfied by Physics 11a, or Physics 15a, or Physics 16.

Astronomy 17. Galactic and Extragalactic Astronomy - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 22304
Julia C. Lee
Half course (fall term). M., W., 2:30–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
This course provides an introduction to the physical principles describing galaxies and the composition and evolution of the Universe. Topics include the interstellar medium; star clusters; the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way; other galaxies; clusters of galaxies; active galaxies and quasars; cosmology; and the early universe. This course includes an observational component: In addition to observing galaxies with the Science Center Clay Telescope, students will use the millimeter-wavelength telescope at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics to determine the mass of the Milky Way.
Note: This course, when taken for a letter grade, meets the General Education requirement for Science of the Physical Universe or the Core area requirement for Science A.
Prerequisite: An introductory course in mechanics, which may be taken concurrently, satisfied by Physics lla, or Physics 15a, or Physics 16.

*Astronomy 91r. Supervised Reading and Research
Catalog Number: 1545
James M. Moran and members of the Department
Half course (fall term; repeated spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Supervised reading and research in a subject of astrophysics that is not normally included in the regular course offerings of the department.
Note: Students must arrange for course supervision with an individual member of the Department.The course may be counted only once toward the concentration requirements, and may not be taken more than twice.
Prerequisite: Astronomy 16 or Astronomy 17.

*Astronomy 98. Research Tutorial in Astrophysics
Catalog Number: 3121
David Charbonneau and members of the Department
Half course (spring term). M., 3–4:30, W., 5:30–7:30 p.m. EXAM GROUP: 8, 9
This tutorial introduces students to research at the forefront of astrophysics, and provides opportunities for students to meet with research scientists and individuals active in science policy, education, and journalism. Students meet weekly for a lecture and discussion over dinner with a guest speaker, preceded by a reading and a preparatory seminar. Students will be mentored throughout the term on a research project of their choosing. The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics is home to one of the largest groups of astronomers in the world, providing extensive opportunities for undergraduate research.
Note: Open to students persuing the concentration or secondary field in astrophysics, and in special cases to concentrators in other physical sciences.
Prerequisite: Astronomy 16 or Astronomy 17.

*Astronomy 99. Senior Thesis in Astrophysics
Catalog Number: 5413
David Charbonneau and members of the Department
Full course. Hours to be arranged.
For honors candidates in Astrophysics. Individually supervised reading and research leading to the senior thesis. The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics is home to one of the largest groups of astronomers in the world, providing extensive opportunities for undergraduate research.
Prerequisite: Astronomy 98.

Cross-listed Courses

Science A-35. The Energetic Universe
Science A-36. Measuring The Universe With Stars
Science A-54. Life as a Planetary Phenomenon

For Undergraduates and Graduates

Astronomy 100. Methods of Observational Astronomy - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 95134
Edo Berger
Half course (spring term). W., F., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
In this course we will learn the basic tools of modern astronomical research, including telescopes, detectors, imaging, spectroscopy, and common software. Emphasis will be placed on both the theory behind telescopes and their use, and hands-on experience with real data. Using this basic knowledge we will analyze science-level astronomical data from a wide range of telescopes and review the basic properties of stars, galaxies, and other astronomical objects of interest. The course includes a trip to the F. L. Whipple Observatory on Mount Hopkins, Arizona, to gather data with various telescopes.
Note: This course is similar in content to Astronomy 97. Students who have taken Astronomy 97 may not take Astronomy 100 for credit.
Prerequisite: Astronomy 16 or Astronomy 17, either of which may be taken concurrently.

[Astronomy 110. Exoplanets] - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 43612
Members of the Department
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
A survey of the rapidly-evolving field of the detection and characterization of planets orbiting other stars. Topics includes proto-stellar collapse and star formation; comets, meteorites, and protoplanetary disk structure; models of planet formation; methods of detecting extrasolar planets; composition and physical structure of planets; planetary atmospheres; habitable zones; greenhouse effect; biosignatures.
Note: Offered in alternate years. Expected to be given in 2010–11.
Prerequisite: Astronomy 16.

[Astronomy 120. Stellar Physics] - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 58719
Instructor to be determined
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Stars are the basic building blocks of galaxies and are responsible for the nucleosynthesis of most of the elements. Topics include the structure of self-gravitating objects; energy transport in stars; stellar atmospheres; asteroseismology; nuclear fusion in stars; stellar evolution; nucleosynthesis of the elements; the degenerate remnants of stars; black holes. This course will make use of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and quantum mechanics, but will review these subjects as necessary. Note: Offered in alternate years.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2009–10. Expected to be given in 2010–11.
Prerequisite: Astronomy 16. Physics 15c strongly recommended.

Astronomy 130. Cosmology - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 73826
Douglas Finkbeiner
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 11:30–1.
The physical model describing the initial conditions, evolution, and ultimate fate of the Universe. Topics include cosmic dynamics; the Robertson-Walker Metric; curvature; estimating cosmological parameters; the accelerating universe; dark matter; gravitational lensing; the cosmic microwave background; nucleosynthesis; inflation and the very early universe; formation of structure. Note: Offered in alternate years.
Prerequisite: Astronomy 17 or Physics 15c.

Astronomy 150. Radiative Processes in Astrophysics
Catalog Number: 8993
Ramesh Narayan
Half course (fall term). M., W., 1:30–3. EXAM GROUP: 3, 4
This course offers a survey of radiative processes of astrophysical importance from radio waves to gamma rays. Topics include thermal and non-thermal processes, including bremsstrahlung, synchrotron radiation, and Compton scattering; radiation in plasmas; and atomic and molecular spectra.
Prerequisite: Physics 15c.

Astronomy 151. Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics
Catalog Number: 3025
Lars Hernquist
Half course (spring term). M., W., F., at 10.
Fluid and gas dynamics with applications drawn from astrophysical phenoma. Topics include: kinetic theory, diffusive effects, incompressible fluids, inviscid and viscous flows, boundary layer theory, accretion disks, fluid instabilities, turbulance, convection, gas dynamics, linear (sound) waves, method of characteristics, Riemann invariants, supersonic flow, non-linear waves, shocks, similarity solutions, blast waves, radiative shocks, ionization fronts, magnetohygrodynamics, hydromagnetic shocks, dynamos, gravitational collapse, principles of plasma physics, Landau damping, computational approaches, stability criteria, particle based (Lagrangian) methods, adaptive mesh refinement, radiation hydrodynamics.

Astronomy 191. Astrophysics Laboratory
Catalog Number: 3615 Enrollment: Limited to 16.
Patrick Thaddeus
Half course (spring term). F., at 2. EXAM GROUP: 7
Laboratory and observational projects in astrophysics. Students choose two projects from a selection including: observational studies of the cosmic microwave background radiation, molecules in interstellar clouds, the rotation of the galaxy, galactic molecular sources with the submillimeter array (SMA), stars and clusters with the Clay Telescope; and laboratory experiments including super-conducting submillimeter detectors, x-ray CCDs, and hard x-ray imaging detectors and telescopes.
Note: Primarily for concentrators in astrophysics or combined concentrators with physics. Students with physics as their primary concentration, but with a serious interest in astrophysics, may take this to satisfy their laboratory requirement (in lieu of Physics 191) upon petition to the Head Tutor in Physics.
Prerequisite: Astronomy 16 or 17, or Physics 15c or equivalent.

Astronomy 192. Tools and Techniques of Astronomical Measurements
Catalog Number: 4741
James M. Moran, Jonathan E. Grindlay, and Christopher Stubbs
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 2–3:30.
Presentation of physical principles and techniques used for detection across the frequency domain of both electromagnetic and gravitational radiation. Description and analysis of the corresponding tools used for detection, including telescopes and basic instrumentation, present and (near-term) future. Discussion of different types of measurements—intensity, imaging, spectroscopic, polarimetric, astrometric, and interferometric—throughout the electromagnetic spectrum, including related parameter estimation and error analyses.
Prerequisite: Physics 15a, b, c and Applied Mathematics 105 (or equivalents).

[Astronomy 193. Noise and Data Analysis in Astrophysics]
Catalog Number: 4495
James M. Moran
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
How to design experiments and get the most information from noisy, incomplete, flawed, and biased data sets. Basic of Probability theory; Bernoulitrials: Bayes theorem; random variables; distributions; functions of random variables; moments and characteristic functions; Fourier transform analysis; Stochastic processes; estimation of power spectra:sampling theorem, filtering; fast Fourier transform; spectrum of quantized data sets. Weighted least mean squares analysis and nonlinear parameter estimation. Bootstrap methods. Noise processes in periodic phenomena. Image processing and restoration techniques. The course will emphasize a Bayesian approach to problem solving and the analysis of real data sets.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2009–10. Expected to be given in 2010–11.
Prerequisite: Mathematics 21b or equivalent.

Cross-listed Courses

Applied Mathematics 111. Introduction to Scientific Computing
Earth and Planetary Sciences 121. Terrestrial Planets
*Physics 191r. Advanced Laboratory

Primarily for Graduates

These courses are primarily aimed at graduate students in astronomy, although properly prepared undergraduates and graduate students from other fields are welcome. The required graduate core courses are Astronomy 150, 201a and b, and 202a and b, while a wide range of advanced courses is available for further work. Courses may be available as reading courses at times other than those shown, by arrangement with the instructor. Graduate students in Astronomy are required to take one graduate physics course selected from Physics 210 or 251a (or Astronomy 251). More advanced physics courses may be substituted upon petition to the Committee on Academic Studies.

[Astronomy 200hf. Seminar in Modern Astrophysics and Cosmology]
Catalog Number: 8574
Instructor to be determined
Half course (throughout the year). Hours to be arranged.
Graduate seminar on topical areas in modern astrophysics and cosmology. Each term a different topic of current special interest is selected. Participants in this seminar discuss papers given by seminar members (in rotation). Several faculty members also participate.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2009–10. Expected to be given in 2010–11. Participation for two terms is required to obtain credit.

[Astronomy 201a. Stellar and Planetary Astrophysics]
Catalog Number: 4303
Instructor to be determined
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Stars are studied as the elementary baryonic building blocks of the Universe, and the main source of the evolution of baryonic matter (nucleosynthesis). Planetary systems are studied in terms of the stellar environments for their formation and survival.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2009–10. Expected to be given in 2010–11.
Prerequisite: Astronomy 150 (may be taken concurrently).

[Astronomy 201b. Interstellar Medium and Star Formation]
Catalog Number: 4206
Instructor to be determined
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Nature of the Interstellar Medium (ISM): composition, energetics, densities and interactions; observations and theory. Processes leading to the formation of stars and planets, as well as studies of the feedback on the ISM from stellar deaths.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2009–10. Expected to be given in 2010–11.

Astronomy 202a. Galaxies and Dynamics
Catalog Number: 8237
John P. Huchra
Half course (fall term). M., W., at 10.
An overview of extragalactic astronomy. Galaxy formation, evolution and properties, galactic dynamics, clustering, gas dynamics, star formation and other topics at the frontiers of extragalactic astronomy.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2008–09.

Astronomy 202b. Cosmology
Catalog Number: 2446
Abraham Loeb
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 9:30–11.
The cosmological principle: isotropy and homogeneity, cosmological world models, thermal history of the Big Bang, the microwave background, inflation, growth of density fluctuations, large scale structure and other topics at the frontiers of cosmology.

Astronomy 218. Radio Astronomy
Catalog Number: 2883
James M. Moran
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., 2–3:30. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Historical development; diffraction theory of antennas and interferometers; signal detection and measurement techniques. Thermal, synchrotron and spectral-line emission in the context of radio observations of the sun, planets, pulsars, masers, hydrogen clouds, molecular clouds, ionized regions, active galaxies, quasars, and the cosmic background. Observational projects carriedout with the Submillimeter Array and Haystack Observatory.
Prerequisite: Astronomy 150 or Physics 153 recommended.

[Astronomy 219. High Energy Astrophysics]
Catalog Number: 1858
Jonathan E. Grindlay and Ramesh Narayan
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Discussion of relativistic and high-energy astrophysical phenomena and observational techniques. Accretion onto compact stars (white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes); active galactic nuclei, galaxy clusters. Gamma-ray bursts and cosmic rays. X-ray and gamma-ray background.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2009–10. Expected to be given in 2010–11.

[*Astronomy 224. Solar System Dynamics]
Catalog Number: 8374
Matthew Holman
Half course (spring term). W., F., 12:30–2.
Introduction to techniques of modern solar system dynamics, applied to our own solar system as well as to extra solar planetary systems. Research component focuses on applications of solar system dynamics to data from Pan-STARRS-1.
Note: Expected to be given in 2010–11.
Prerequisite: Introductory Physics.

[Astronomy 225. Formation of Stars and Planets]
Catalog Number: 0983
David J. Wilner
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Physical properties of interstellar medium, molecular clouds and their cores, young stellar objects in isolation and in clusters, dynamical processes in star formation and circumstellar disk evolution, properties of the primitive solar nebula and solar system development, extrasolar planetary systems.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2009–10. Expected to be given in 2010–11.

[Astronomy 251. Quantum Mechanics for Astrophysics]
Catalog Number: 5381
Lars Hernquist
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Quantum mechanics with applications to atomic and molecular processes important in astronomical environments. Atomic and molecular structure; spectroscopy (selection rules, oscillator strengths, photoionization); scattering theory (elastic, inelastic, approximate methods); line broadening; collision processes (cross sections, rate coefficients) involving electrons, ions, atoms, and molecules.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2009–10. Expected to be given in 2010–11.
Prerequisite: Physics 143a or the equivalent, or permission of instructor.

Astronomy 287. Atomic and Molecular Astrophysics - (New Course)
Catalog Number: 33124
Alexander Dalgarno
Half course (spring term). W., 2–4.
A survey will be presented of the wide range of atomic, molecular and optical processes that occur in plasmas and their role in determining the physics, chemistry and dynamics of astrophysical enviroments will be discussed.

Cross-listed Courses

[Applied Mathematics 205. Practical Scientific Computing]
Physics 210. General Theory of Relativity
Physics 251a. Advanced Quantum Mechanics I

Graduate Courses of Reading and Research

Unless otherwise specified, these courses are given fall term, repeated spring term.
*Astronomy 300. Topics in Modern Astrophysics
Catalog Number: 7915
Charles Alcock 5194, Lori E. Allen 5704, Edo Berger 6027, Raymond Blundell 2753, David Charbonneau 5225, Alexander Dalgarno 1157, Thomas M. Dame 2755, Rosanne DiStefano 1508, Martin S. Elvis 2530, Daniel G. Fabricant 3711, Giovanni G. Fazio 1143, Douglas Finkbeiner 5556, Christine Jones Forman 5766, William Richard Forman 6075, Alyssa A. Goodman 3348, Lincoln J. Greenhill 4490, Jonathan E. Grindlay 4593, Lars Hernquist 4250, Matthew Holman 1260, John P. Huchra 6271, Justin C. Kasper 6261, Robert P. Kirshner 1071, David W. Latham 3716, Myron Lecar 1026, Julia C. Lee 5305, Abraham Loeb 3349, Jeffrey E. McClintock 2108, James M. Moran 4090, Ramesh Narayan 2871, Dimitar D. Sasselov 1020, Irwin I. Shapiro 7660, Patrick O. Slane 4838, Christopher Stubbs 4856, Patrick Thaddeus 1398, David J. Wilner 2855, and Qizhou Zhang 4477
A seminar, reading, or research course may be arranged with any of the faculty listed. Students can also arrange to obtain Astronomy 300 credit for reading or research with scientific staff members of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; consult Astronomy Department office.

*Astronomy 301hf. Research Forum
Catalog Number: 5224
Julia C. Lee 5305
Half course (throughout the year). Tu., 4–5:30.
Each week, a speaker (ordinarily faculty in the fall and students in the spring) will describe research in progress. Forum participants will discuss the ongoing work with the presenter, offering both questions and suggestions.
Note: Intended both as an opportunity for substantive discussion, and as training in the clear presentation of scientific ideas. To encourage an informal atmosphere and to facilitate interaction between speaker and audience. No visual aids other than a blackboard and a one-page handout will be allowed (e.g. no PowerPoint).

*Astronomy 302. Scientists Teaching Science
Catalog Number: 9869
Philip M. Sadler 2231
Half course (spring term). Tu., 2–3:30.
Learn the secrets of lecturing well, leading discussions, connecting to real-world applications, and creating tests in any scientific discipline as we focus on relevant educational research and case studies, plus engage in practical classroom activities.
Note: Open to graduate students in all areas of science and uses activities to draw upon research findings from the life, earth, and physical sciences.
Prerequisite: Experience as an instructor of science or as a teaching fellow.

Cross-listed Courses

*Statistics 310hfr. Topics in Astrostatistics