Government

Faculty of the Department of Government

Roderick MacFarquhar, Leroy B. Williams Professor of History and Political Science (Chair)
James E. Alt, Frank G. Thomson Professor of Government
Scott Ashworth, Assistant Professor of Government
Robert H. Bates, Eaton Professor of the Science of Government
Eva Bellin, Associate Professor of Government
Bear F. Braumoeller, Assistant Professor of Government
Barry C. Burden, Assistant Professor of Government (on leave spring term)
Keith J. Bybee, Associate Professor of Government
Andrea L. Campbell, Assistant Professor of Government (on leave spring term)
Lars-Erik Cederman, Frederick S. Danziger Associate Professor of Government
Timothy J. Colton, Morris and Anna Feldberg Professor of Government and Russian Studies (on leave 2001-02)
Jorge I. Domínguez, Harvard College Professor and Clarence Dillon Professor of International Affairs
Grzegorz Ekiert, Professor of Government (on leave 2001-02)
Margarita Estevez-Abe, Assistant Professor of Government
Jeffry Frieden, Stanfield Professor of International Peace
Peter A. Hall, Harvard College Professor and Frank G. Thomson Professor of Government
John Mark Hansen, Professor of Government
Stephen E. Hanson, Visiting Associate Professor of Government
Yoshiko M. Herrera, Assistant Professor of Government (on leave fall term)
Michael J. Hiscox, John L. Loeb Associate Professor of the Social Sciences (on leave 2002-03)
Jennifer L. Hochschild, Professor of Government
Stanley Hoffmann, Paul and Catherine Buttenwieser University Professor
Samuel P. Huntington, Albert J. Weatherhead, III University Professor
Torben Iversen, Professor of Government
Alastair Iain Johnston, Governor James Albert Noe, Sr. and Linda and Christel Noe Laine Kelley Professor of China in World Affairs (on leave spring term)
Patrick D. Joyce, Lecturer on Government
Devesh Kapur, Associate Professor of Government (on leave 2002-03)
Gary King, Professor of Government
Sharon R. Krause, Assistant Professor of Government (Head Tutor, spring term)
Andrew Harriman Kydd, Assistant Professor of Government
Melissa Sharon Lane, Visiting Professor of Government and of Social Studies (Cambridge University)
Steven R. Levitsky, Assistant Professor of Government and of Social Studies (on leave fall term)
Michael S. Lewis-Beck, Visiting Professor of Government (University of Iowa)
Harvey C. Mansfield, William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of Government
Lisa L. Martin, Professor of Government
William G. Mayer, Visiting Associate Professor of Government (Northeastern University)
Andrew Moravcsik, Professor of Government
Glyn Morgan, Assistant Professor of Government and of Social Studies
Russell Muirhead, Associate Professor of Government (Head Tutor, fall term) (on leave spring term)
Mary P. Nichols, Visiting Professor of Government (Fordham University)
Elizabeth J. Perry, Henry Rosovsky Professor of Government
Paul E. Peterson, Henry Lee Shattuck Professor of Government (on leave spring term)
Susan J. Pharr, Edwin O. Reischauer Professor of Japanese Politics (on leave spring term)
Paul Pierson, Professor of Government
Robert D. Putnam, Peter and Isabel Malkin Professor of Public Policy
Stephen Peter Rosen, Harvard College Professor and Beton Michael Kaneb Professor of National Security and Military Affairs
Nancy Lipton Rosenblum, Professor of Government (on leave fall term)
Michael J. Sandel, Harvard College Professor and Professor of Government (on leave 2001-02)
Jasjeet Singh Sekhon, Assistant Professor of Government
Catherine R. Shapiro, Lecturer on Government, Allston Burr Senior Tutor in Leverett House
Kenneth A. Shepsle, George D. Markham Professor of Government (on leave spring term)
Cindy Skach, Assistant Professor of Government
Theda Skocpol, Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government and of Sociology (on leave spring term)
Allison Katherine Stanger , Visiting Associate Professor of Government (Middlebury College)
Dennis F. Thompson, Alfred North Whitehead Professor of Political Philosophy, Professor of Government and Professor of Public Policy (KSG)
Richard Tuck, Professor of Government (Director of Graduate Studies) (on leave spring term)
Sidney Verba, Carl H. Pforzheimer University Professor
Dana Richard Villa, Visiting Associate Professor of Government (University of California, Santa Barbara) (fall term only)

Other Faculty Offering Instruction in the Department of Government

Graham T. Allison, Jr., Douglas Dillon Professor of Government (Kennedy School)
Rebecca Aubrey Betensky, Associate Professor of Biostatistics (Public Health)
Lee Fleming, Assistant Professor of Business Administration (Business School)
Terry D. Martin, John L. Loeb Associate Professor of the Social Sciences
Roger B. Porter, IBM Professor of Business and Government (Kennedy School)
Donald B. Rubin, Professor of Statistics

A full list of courses that count toward undergraduate concentration is available in the Office of the Head Tutor.

Department of Government course listings are numerically ordered as follows:

10–50: Introductory and General Courses

90 (with one or more letter suffix): Junior Seminars

91–99: Supervised Reading and Research, and Tutorials

1000–1019 and 2000–2019: Political Methodology and Formal Theory

1020–1099 and 2020–2099: Political Thought and Its History

1100–1299 and 2100–2299: Comparative Government

1300–1599 and 2300–2599: American Government, Public Law, and Administration

1700–1999 and 2700–2999: International Relations

3000–3999: Graduate Courses of Reading and Research and Dissertation Workshops

Introductory and General Courses

Primarily for Undergraduates

Government 10. Introduction to Political Thought
Catalog Number: 8836
Sharon R. Krause
Half course (fall term). M., W., at 11 and a section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 4
An introduction to some of the central questions and debates in the history of political thought. What is the purpose of politics? What is the nature of the best regime? What is the meaning of justice? What justifies the authority of government? What are “rights” and how are they related to political liberty and to political obligation? How is freedom related to equality? Finally, what is the nature of liberal democracy, the political regime that prevails in the United States today? What are its foundations, purposes, strengths, and potential dangers? Readings include Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Marx, and J.S. Mill.

Government 20. Introduction to Comparative Politics
Catalog Number: 6166
Eva Bellin and Steven R. Levitsky
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., at 11 and a section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 13
Explores important questions and concepts in contemporary comparative politics. Themes will include the dynamics of democracy and democratization, the historical evolution of citizenship, the power of ethnicity, the possibility of revolution, the importance of institutions, the cultural foundation of politics, and the pairing of market reform with political liberalization. Cases will be drawn from different regions and historical periods to give students a grounding in the tools of comparative analysis.

Government 30. Introduction to American Government
Catalog Number: 0263
Paul E. Peterson
Half course (fall term). M., W., F., at 11. EXAM GROUP: 4
An introduction to American government and politics, emphasizing how citizens and institutions (the Congress, executive, courts, political parties, interest groups, public opinion, and the electorate) interact in the formation of public policies, and how this interaction has changed over time. The political process studied primarily through examination of several historical and contemporary cases, in areas such as civil rights, foreign policy, economic regulation, and electoral behavior.

Cross-listed Courses

Historical Study A-12. International Conflict and Cooperation in the Modern World

Government 90. Junior Seminars

These half courses are limited to 16 participants with preference given to government concentrators in their junior years. Students who have elected the honors program may take two junior seminars (90), two junior tutorials (98) or one of each. Enrollment in both 90 and 98 is determined by a lottery based on student preferences. Undergraduate non-concentrators may enroll in junior seminars and tutorials on a space available basis. All students wishing to enroll in Government 90 or 98 must participate in the lottery.
Government 90a. Contemporary British Politics
Catalog Number: 6263
James E. Alt
Half course (fall term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Focuses on changes in economy, society, and politics in the transition from empire to small country. Topics include the evolving party system, electoral behavior, and a range of policy questions involving economic management, the welfare state, the European Community, race relations, Northern Ireland.

Government 90au. Political Economy
Catalog Number: 8213
Torben Iversen
Half course (spring term). Th., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Examines modern theories of political economy and their applications to macro problems in advanced industrialized democracies. Why do some governments and countries generate better economic performance than others? Why are some economies more egalitarian than others? How do politicians manipulate the economy for partisan gain, and how are politicians constrained by institutions and the global economy? These are some of the questions that we will seek to answer using the most promising theories in political science and economics.

Government 90ax. Crucial Events in Chinese Elite Poltics
Catalog Number: 7481
Roderick MacFarquhar
Half course (spring term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
A critical reexamination of major events in the politics of the People’s Republic and of the hitherto accepted Western analyses of them, using the new data made available in the PRC in recent years. The objective is to outline new hypotheses where necessary and more importantly, to explore what need there might be for new ways of studying Chinese politics.

Government 90bh. Comparative Justice: Constitutional Courts in the Modern World
Catalog Number: 6812
Cindy Skach
Half course (spring term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
More than ever, constitutional courts are mediating and deciding questions of justice in modern democracies. Analyzing a variety of countries, including the US, Germany, and Bosnia-Herzegovina, this seminar places the trend toward judicial review in historical and comparative perspective. It asks: Should judicial review be the main mechanism for balancing individual rights, group rights, and the collective will? How do constitutional courts shape multicultural societies? Do activist constitutional courts hinder, or help, the democratic process?

Government 90ca. Shakespeare’s Politics
Catalog Number: 3168
Mary P. Nichols (Fordham University)
Half course (spring term). W., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 6, 7
Study of Shakespeare as a political theorist by examining his comedies, tragedies, histories, and romances. What do his plays show about the grounds of authority, justifications for rule, the relation between law and discretion, the goals and manner of statesmanship, the relation between the sexes, authority within families, monarchy and freedom, the cause of tragedy, and its relation to more liberal political settings?

Government 90cl. Human Rights in World Politics
Catalog Number: 4536
Andrew Moravcsik
Half course (fall term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
An examination of the history, politics, and law of international human rights protection. The seminar analyzes the emergence, expansion, and enforcement of international norms concerning national guarantees of human rights.

[Government 90dd. Education Politics and Policy]
Catalog Number: 3796
Paul E. Peterson
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Analysis of political forces shaping elementary and secondary education governance and policy. Major contemporary issues to be discussed. Students expected to write term papers.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 90de. Media and Politics
Catalog Number: 5660
William G. Mayer (Northeastern University) (spring term only)
Half course (spring term). Th., 1–3.
A broad overview of the role that the mass media play in American politics. Among the topics to be examined are: how the media affect our image of the world; major theories that attempt to explain the content and bias of media reporting; the impact of the media on public opinion and governance; and politics and the Internet.

[Government 90dx. Political Participation and Public Policy in the U.S.]
Catalog Number: 1784
Andrea L. Campbell
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Examines the role of mass political participation in the policy-making process. Discussion of what normative theory says that role should be, how the public actually behaves, and how representatives respond. Considers whether differences in participation rates by race, ethnicity, gender, age, and class lead to unequal policy treatment. Case studies will include welfare, social security, health care, agricultural subsidies, and tax policy.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 90eb. Interest Group Politics
Catalog Number: 1900
John Mark Hansen
Half course (spring term). Tu., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16
This course takes up various claims about interest groups and their role in American politics and considers ways to evaluate them systematically and rigorously. Topics include (1) the organizational politics of interest groups--their formation, their maintenance and their attractions to members; (2) the influence of interest groups on national policymakers--their attempts to lobby Congress and the bureaucracy; and (3) the place of interest groups in the conduct of American democracy.

[Government 90el. International Financial Institutions]
Catalog Number: 5667
Devesh Kapur
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Examines the evolving role of the Bretton Woods Institutions (IMF and World Bank) and (to a lesser degree), the regional development banks. Topics include the governance and purposes of these institutions; the factors that shape their programs and policies; and the economic, social, and political consequences of their programs.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 90eo (formerly Government 1785). Globalization and American Foreign Economic Policy
Catalog Number: 9955
Michael J. Hiscox
Half course (spring term). Th., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Examines the foreign economic policies of the United States in the context of increasing global economic integration. Topics include: globalization—benefits and costs, winners and losers; lessons from history; determinants of trade policy; political economy of multinational corporations; and reforming the international financial architecture.

Government 90fm. Money and Congress
Catalog Number: 1088
Scott Ashworth
Half course (fall term). Th., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Examines the relationships between Congressional elections, campaign contributions, and policy outcomes. The first part focuses on what money buys for candidates: does spending “buy” votes? If so, how effective is spending? Then course turns to what the contributors get. Are they ideologically motivated, or are they out to get favors for themselves? How important are contributors in the policy formation process?
Prerequisite: Some background in statistics helpful, but not required.

Government 90gn. Cultural Politics: Religion and State in Modern Democracies
Catalog Number: 2868
Eva Bellin
Half course (spring term). Th., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Studies contemporary responses to the classic dilemma of church-state separation in modern democracies. Focuses on such flashpoints as the politics of veiling in France, blasphemy in England, personal status in Israel, education and prayer in the US, free speech in Iran. Analyzes the political and ideological underpinnings of diverse approaches from official secularism and the “non-establishment” of religion to “equal protection” and the state in the service of faith.

[Government 90gs. Civil Society in Asia]
Catalog Number: 7546
Susan J. Pharr
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
This seminar looks at the concept of civil society in the Asian context, with particular emphasis on East Asia. The seminar first examines how the concept originally evolved in Western societies, looking at the debates over civil society in Western and Eastern Europe. It then explores how the term applies in the Asian context. It looks at how the Internet, globalization, religion, ethnic conflict, market reforms, corruption, international NGOs, the IMF, and other forces, internal and external, are affecting civil societies in Asia, and the relation between developments in civil society and democritization. It also looks at the evolution of international civil society and Asia’s place in it.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 90hh. International Migration and the Political Economy of Development
Catalog Number: 9044
Devesh Kapur
Half course (spring term). Th., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Examines the economic, political and social consequences of international migration and diasporas, particularly on developing countries. Is the phenomenon of greater import in the current (and future) context than it has historically been and if so, why? When are diasporas likely to be more influential and how does this influence shape well-being in their country of origin? What are the implications of looser concepts of citizenship? Country examples include China, India, Mexico and Turkey.

Government 90ia. Sino-U.S. Relations in an Era of Rising Chinese Power
Catalog Number: 9006
Alastair Iain Johnston
Half course (spring term). M., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
The course will assess theoretical arguments and empirical evidence concerning the implications of Chinese economic and military modernization for conflict and cooperation between China and the US. Some issues to be examined include global arms control, trade, the environment, and regional security.

Government 90jf. Leaders, Politicians, and Visionaries
Catalog Number: 3754
Catherine R. Shapiro
Half course (fall term). Th., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16
What is the role of leadership in U.S. politics? Why have particular individuals—Thomas Jefferson, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Joseph McCarthy, Martin Luther King —had tremendous impact on the ways we think and behave politically? Can one learn effective leadership skills? Can one learn to be charismatic? What is the relationship between leaders and followers? How do leaders handle adversity? Students consider classic readings on leadership, along with analyses of specific U.S. leaders, and conduct independent research.

Government 90jp. The Struggle for Palestine/Israel
Catalog Number: 1254
Eva Bellin
Half course (fall term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Studies the century-long struggle over Palestine/Israel from a local perspective. Considers competing historical and moral claims to the land, the creation of political “facts” and dispossession, the influence of regional politics, the role of local political organizations from Hamas to Gush Emunim, the challenge of state-building in the Palestine Authority, the debate over post-Zionism in Israel, and the possibilities for reconciliation between Palestinians and Israelis.

Government 90js.
Catalog Number: 4399
Allison Katherine Stanger (Middlebury College)
Half course (spring term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
An examination of the conduct, impact, and evolution of American foreign policy since 1945. Topics will include the cold war and containment, US intervention in the developing world, American international economic policy, the role of public opinion and transnational relationships in US policy decisions, and the impact on globalization on policy agendas, processes, and outcomes.

Government 90lt. Civil Society and the Public Sphere
Catalog Number: 8018
Dana Richard Villa (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Half course (fall term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Addresses two of the most influential—and contested—concepts in recent political thought. To what extent is the sphere of associational life (membership in churches, unions, clubs, etc.) supportive or even identical with the public sphere (the realm of politics, citizenship, and the common good)? To what extent should these spheres be viewed as distinct or in tension? Readings from Hegel, Marx, Tocqueville, Mill, Arendt, Habermas, Sennett, Fraser, Gellner, Walzer, Rosenblum and Putnam.

Government 90nd. Liberalism and Democracy in Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Tocqueville
Catalog Number: 4516
Sharon R. Krause
Half course (fall term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Explores the regimes of liberalism and democracy through the writings of three thinkers who regarded the tenets and practices associated with modern liberalism to be in some measure at odds with the tenets and practices of democracy. Montesquieu was a liberal suspicious of democracy; Rousseau was a democrat scornful of key features of liberalism; and Tocqueville, committed to both, sought to reconcile them even as he articulated the fragility of such a reconciliation. We investigate the relationship between liberalism and democracy, assess the merits and dangers of both, and consider the nature of their union in contemporary American public life. Readings drawn from major works of Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Tocqueville.

Government 90oc. Race and Ethnic Conflict in America
Catalog Number: 6312
Patrick D. Joyce
Half course (spring term). Th., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Examines historical and contemporary cases of overt intergroup conflict (i.e. protest and riots) in order to understand the nation’s tradition of contentious race and ethnic relations. The main thrust will be to investigate the role of political institutions in shaping and mediating conflict.

Government 90om. International Organization
Catalog Number: 4851
Judith G. Kelley
Half course (fall term). Tu., 7–9 p.m. EXAM GROUP: 18
Examines the changing role of both political economy and security institutions in the international system. Discusses theory about the effect of international organizations on cooperation and governance. Then applies these theoretical tools to practical issues. Particular attention to international organizations and current topics such as human rights, security and economic cooperation. Analyzes present developments such as NATO enlargement, European integration, EU enlargement and UN reform.

[Government 90q. U.S. – Latin American Relations]
Catalog Number: 5153
Jorge I. Domínguez
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
A study of political and economic relations between the United States and Latin American countries, and of the international relations of Latin America since 1945. Attention also given to foreign policy decision making in the United States and Latin America, and to alternative approaches to the study of international relations and foreign policy.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 90qa. Community in America
Catalog Number: 4941
Robert D. Putnam
Half course (fall term). Th., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Has the social fabric of America’s communities and the civic engagement of its citizens changed over the last generation? Why? Does it matter? What lessons might we find in American history? These questions will be at the focus of this seminar.

Government 90qm. International Relations Theory
Catalog Number: 9031
Bear F. Braumoeller
Half course (fall term). W., 3–5. EXAM GROUP: 8, 9
Critical evaluation of modern theories of international relations, with an emphasis on the consistency and logic of theoretical argument as well as the relevance of evidence brought to bear on the question at hand. Subject matter covers, in part, systemic theories, conflict and cooperation, international institutions, domestic institutions and foreign policy, and individual decision processes, with applications in international security, international political economy, and human rights.

Government 90rf. Economics and Democracy
Catalog Number: 5194
Michael S. Lewis-Beck (University of Iowa)
Half course (fall term). W., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 6, 7
General topics include economic conditions and election outcomes; the political business cycle; economic development and democratic performance; the political impact of globalization; the political economy of third-party dissent; economic and public policy issues.

Government 90sp. Future of War
Catalog Number: 6012
Stephen Peter Rosen
Half course (fall term). M., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
The course will examine the character and implications of political and technological factors that could affect the future conduct of war.

Government 90tg. American Political Ideologies
Catalog Number: 3611
Jennifer L. Hochschild
Half course (fall term). M., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Analyzes the development and change of American political ideologies, starting with the Puritans and considering the Revolution and constitution-writing, Jacksonian democracy, the Gilded Age, gender-based and race-based social movements, Progressivism, and contemporary liberal and conservative ideologies.

Government 90ua. Conflict Resolution
Catalog Number: 2853
Andrew Harriman Kydd
Half course (fall term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
The post Cold War world is characterized by continuing international and civil conflicts. Some take place along ethnic lines, some along religious lines, some reflect a total breakdown of the state. Some conflicts persist, while others are seemingly resolved. This course will cover the main approaches to conflict resolution and study some of the salient cases. Topics covered include: theories of conflict and conflict resolution, negotiation, the role of external powers, mediation, and peacekeeping.

Government 90we. Law and Politics of Affirmative Action
Catalog Number: 9950
Keith J. Bybee
Half course (fall term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Examines the origins and development of affirmative action in education and employment. Particular emphasis placed on the political theories courts have used to justify and critique racial preferences.

Government 90wh. Philosophy and Citizenship
Catalog Number: 7797
Dana Richard Villa (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Half course (spring term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Ever since the trial and condemnation of Socrates, philosophy and citizenship have been viewed as fundamentally opposed ways of life. Is the kind of open-ended, radical questioning characteristic of the philosopher compatible with allegiance to a particular (and inevitably parochial) moral-political community? Is it possible to be a philosophical citizen, as Socrates proposed? We will consider these and other questions through readings from Thucydides, Plato, Machiavelli, Rousseau, Mill, Nietzsche, Weber, Arendt, Strauss and Walzer.

Tutorials

*Government 91r. Supervised Reading and Research
Catalog Number: 2444
Russell Muirhead (fall term) and Sharon R. Krause (spring term)
Half course (fall term; repeated spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Supervised reading leading to a term paper in a topic or topics not covered by regular courses of instruction.
Note: Limited to juniors and seniors. Does not count for concentration. Offered at the discretion of the individual instructors. Written proposal and signature of Head Tutor required.

*Government 97a. Tutorial-Sophomore Year
Catalog Number: 3023
Keith J. Bybee and Harvey C. Mansfield
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Issues in American politics used to investigate the fundamental political questions that confront any society. Readings in classics of American politics and of liberal political theory; great speeches; important Supreme Court cases.
Note: Fall enrollment required of sophomores.

*Government 97b. Tutorial-Sophmore Year
Catalog Number: 4403
Stanley Hoffmann and Cindy Skach
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
This sophomore tutorial will examine a number of episodes in world history, from the Greek city states to the present, in order to study the interrelationships between domestic and international politics, as well as the ideas of relevant political philosophers.
Note: Spring enrollment required of sophomores.

*Government 98r. Tutorial — Junior Year
Catalog Number: 7179
Russell Muirhead (fall term), Sharon R. Krause (spring term) and members of the Department
Half course (fall term; repeated spring term). Hours to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: Fall: 5, 6
Note: Ordinarily taken as two half courses by juniors who have elected the honors program, but open to all junior Government concentrators. Students may take two junior tutorials (Government 98), two junior seminars (Government 90), or one of each. Enrollment determined by a lottery based on student preferences. Students planning on being off campus during part or all of junior year should see the Head Tutor about permission to take junior tutorials or seminars before or after their absence. Undergraduate nonconcentrators may enroll in junior tutorials or seminars if space is available. All students wishing to enroll in Government 90 or 98 must participate in the lottery.

*Government 99r. Tutorial — Senior Year
Catalog Number: 3652
Russell Muirhead (fall term), Sharon R. Krause (spring term) and members of the Department
Half course (fall term; repeated spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Note: Taken as two half courses by those who have elected the honors program and in order to write their senior theses.
Prerequisite: Two half courses of Government 98 or 90, in any combination.

Political Methodology and Formal Theory

For Undergraduates and Graduates

Government 1000. Quantitative Methods for Political Science I
Catalog Number: 3990
Jasjeet Singh Sekhon
Half course (fall term). Th., 12–2. EXAM GROUP: 18
Introduction to major quantitative techniques used in political science. Covers exploratory data analysis, as well as descriptive and causal statistical inference of many types. The course emphasizes probability theory, regression analysis and other statistical techniques, and uses new techniques of stochastic simulation to get answers easily and to interpret statistical results in a manner very close to the political substance of the problem at hand.
Note: Frequently taken by undergraduates needing quantitative techniques for thesis research and by graduate students satisfying department requirements. This course also serves as the first in a series of three quantitative courses offered by the department. Qualified undergraduates are welcome.

Government 1001. Introduction to Quantitative Methods in Political Science
Catalog Number: 0881
Jasjeet Singh Sekhon
Half course (spring term). M., W., at 3. EXAM GROUP: 8
This course is specifically designed for undergraduates who wish to use quantitative research methods in their own work. Topics will include descriptive and summary statistics, probability, sampling and statistical inference including estimation and tests of hypotheses. The course emphasizes multiple regression. Applications will focus on two substantive research questions: “Who really won the 2000 Presidential Election”? and “How do citizens evaluate elected officials”? or “Is it really the economy, stupid"?
Prerequisite: High school algebra.

[Government 1003. Designing Political Science Research]
Catalog Number: 2742
Lisa L. Martin and Gary King
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Teaches how to design social science research. Explains how to recognize research questions that are most likely to be answerable and productive. Analyzes how to develop successful strategies for answering research questions, including deciding what evidence to gather, how to organize and analyze it, and how you would know if you were right or wrong. This course is for those planning to go to graduate school or law school, or considering writing senior theses, or who are curious about how to do political science rather than merely debate its findings.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

*Government 1005. The Practice of Research in Political Science
Catalog Number: 4607
John Mark Hansen
Half course (spring term). M., W., at 12 and a section to be arrranged. EXAM GROUP: 5
This is a first course in the methods of research as practiced across a broad range of the social sciences. It is meant to enable you to be critical in your evaluations of claims about politics, society, and the economy, whether the claims are others’ or your own. You will learn first, how to identify and evaluate factual claims for accuracy and relevance, and second, how to construct and test causal claims. The course will use data that address a broad range of topics in political science and the other social sciences.
Note: Open to undergraduates only.

Cross-listed Courses

The courses listed below do not satisfy the political theory field requirement in Government.
[Social Analysis 46. Thinking about Politics: A Rational Choice Approach]

Primarily for Graduates

Government 2001. Advanced Quantitative Research Methodology
Catalog Number: 8941
Gary King
Half course (spring term). M., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
This course introduces the theories of inference underlying most statistical methods. It covers how new approaches to research methods, data analysis, and statistical theory are developed. With this foundation, we introduce (and “reinvent”) a wide variety of known statistical solutions to a wide range of social science data problems. We also show how it is easy to conceive original approaches and new statistical estimators when required. The specific models introduced will be chosen based on students’ research topics. In past years they have included models for event counts, ecological inference, time-series cross sectional analysis, compositional data, causal inference, and others.
Note: Government 1000 or the equivalent is a prerequisite. More information is available at Gary King’s website.

Government 2002. Topics in Quantitative Methods
Catalog Number: 8168
Jasjeet Singh Sekhon
Half course (fall term). Th., 4–6. EXAM GROUP: 18
The class explores various topics in quantitative methods. Particular attention is given to time-series and time-series cross sectional analysis. Additional topics will also be covered in part depending on the interests of the participants. Additional topics may include generalized linear models, latent variable models, and limited-dependent and qualitative variable methods.
Note: Qualified undergraduates welcome.

*Government 2004. Qualitative Analysis: Analytic Frameworks for Explaining and Predicting Decisions and Actions in Domestic and Foreign Affairs
Catalog Number: 5002 Enrollment: Limited to 12.
Graham T. Allison, Jr. (Kennedy School)
Half course (fall term). M., 4–6. EXAM GROUP: 9
Exploration and practice in qualitative methods of analysis. Begins with examination of philosophical and conceptual assumptions embodied in alternative models for explaining and predicting decisions and actions in both domestic and foreign affairs. Examines theories of rational choice, cognition and perception, organizational behavior, bureaucratic politics, intergovernmental relations, and multilevel game theory. Each student will prepare a research paper. Grades will be based on the paper and on class participation.
Note: Offered jointly with the Kennedy School of Government as ISP-305. Meets at the Kennedy School.

Government 2005. Game Theory
Catalog Number: 1719
Scott Ashworth
Half course (fall term). W., 12–2 with a section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 5, 6
An introduction to game theory and its applications to political science. Applications will include majority voting, bargaining, collective action, reputation, signaling and the implementation of social choice rules.

Government 2006. Theory of Collective Choice
Catalog Number: 5487
Scott Ashworth
Half course (spring term). M., 12–2. EXAM GROUP: 5, 6
The course introduces social choice, implementation, mechanism design, monotone comparative statics, and rational learning. Applications will be drawn from all four subfields.
Note: Government 2005 (formerly 2050) or equivalent recommended.

Government 2008 (formerly Government 2141). History, Institutions, and Political Analysis
Catalog Number: 6266
Paul Pierson and Theda Skocpol
Half course (spring term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
A recent trend in political science has been the turn to history, as analysts ask what the investigation of earlier events and processes can tell us about the nature of contemporary politics. Course examines this body of research to clarify the pitfalls and possibilities of studying politics as a process which takes place over time. Among the themes to be explored are: ideas of path dependence and critical junctures in political development; techniques for studying the significance of timing and sequence in politics; and role of actors’ time horizons—which may be long or short—in shaping political processes. Places considerable emphasis on recent theories of institutional origins, development and change, because institutions are perhaps the principal instruments through which previous politics shape current politics. Readings will include a wide range of empirical and theoretical writings drawn from all the subfields of political science.

Government 2009. Methods of Political Analysis
Catalog Number: 1080
Peter A. Hall and Andrew Moravcsik
Half course (spring term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
This course explores the issues of research design vital to doctoral students planning to undertake empirical research in political science, including issues associated with conceptualization, measurement, comparison, selection of cases, and establishing causal relationships, as well as some of the deeper dilemmas of understanding a complex, multicausal world. Each week we read some articles on these issues and examples of efforts to resolve them with a view to building up good instincts for research strategy.
Note: Open to all doctoral students including those beyond their second year.

Government 2010. Strategies of Political Inquiry
Catalog Number: 7421
Gary King, Robert D. Putnam, and Sidney Verba
Half course (fall term). Th., 12–2. EXAM GROUP: 14, 15
If you could learn only one thing in graduate school, it should be how to do scholarly research—assess scholarly literatures, identify interesting questions, formulate research designs, learn methodological tools, and write up results for publication. We discuss each for both quantitative and qualitative studies.
Note: Primarily for graduate students; also taken by undergraduates preparing for senior thesis research.

*Government 2015. Introduction to Computational Modeling for Social Scientists
Catalog Number: 9088
Lars-Erik Cederman
Half course (fall term). Th., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
This seminar provides an introduction to Java programming using a package called RePast. Basic agent-based models will be covered.
Prerequisite: Programming experience desirable but not required.

*Government 2016. Applied Computational Modeling
Catalog Number: 7465
Lars-Erik Cederman
Half course (spring term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
This seminar covers advanced programming techniques allowing the participants to apply computational techniques to substantive areas of their own choosing.
Prerequisite: Government 2015, “Introduction to Computational Modeling for Social Scientists”, or by agreement.

Political Thought and Its History

For Undergraduates and Graduates

Government 1060. The History of Ancient and Medieval Political Philosophy
Catalog Number: 4978
Harvey C. Mansfield
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., 2–3:30. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Political philosophy from Plato to Thomas Aquinas, with special attention to the question of natural right.

Government 1061. The History of Modern Political Philosophy
Catalog Number: 5035
Mary P. Nichols (Fordham University)
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 2:30–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Political philosophy from Machiavelli to Neitzsche, with emphasis on its contribution to modern liberalism.

Government 1065. Continental Political Thought
Catalog Number: 6288
Dana Richard Villa (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., at 12. EXAM GROUP: 14
Examines the response of leading theorists to the promise and pathologies of the modern age. We will consider the political implications of the decline of authority, community, and the public sphere; the problem of institutionalizing freedom in the modern nation state; and the fate of moral and political agency in a bureaucratized world. Special attention paid to political and cultural criticisms of liberal democracy. Readings from Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Weber, Schmitt, the Frankfurt School, and Hannah Arendt.

[Government 1080. American Political Thought]
Catalog Number: 8049
Russell Muirhead
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
American political thought, with a focus on the period 1760-1865. Topics include religion, empire and revolution, natural rights, federalism, race, pluralism, and national identity. Readings drawn mainly from primary sources, including the writings of Franklin, Madison, Hamilton, Adams, Webster, Calhoun, Anthony, Stanton, Douglas, and Lincoln. Course will also consider contemporary interpretations of the American political tradition and public philosophy.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 1085. Dilemmas in Feminism
Catalog Number: 7730
Melissa Sharon Lane (Cambridge University)
Half course (spring term). M., W., (F.), at 10. EXAM GROUP: 3
Examines a number of cases over which feminists have been and are bitterly divided, such as divorce laws, birth control, pornography, rights, and surrogate motherhood. By considering the radically opposed positions taken by various feminist thinkers on these cases, the course elucidates fundamental issues in feminist thought such as the meaning of autonomy and choice, and the relation of the personal to the political.

Cross-listed Courses

Note: These courses do not satisfy the political theory field requirement in Government.
French 242. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
[History 2472. Republics and Republicanism]
Moral Reasoning 17. Democracy and Inequality
[Moral Reasoning 22. Justice]
Moral Reasoning 50. The Public and the Private in Politics, Morality, and Law
Moral Reasoning 58. Slavery in Western Political Thought
Moral Reasoning 64. Ethics and Everyday Life: Work and Family
Moral Reasoning 68. Legalism: Ruly and Unruly Thought and Practices
Moral Reasoning 70. Rights

Primarily for Graduates

*Government 2030. Political Concepts: Field Seminar
Catalog Number: 0551
Richard Tuck
Half course (fall term). Tu., 12–2. EXAM GROUP: 14, 15
Reading and discussion of rival accounts of the basic concepts of political thinking.

[*Government 2034. Markets, Morals, and Law]
Catalog Number: 4652
Michael J. Sandel
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Are there some things that money cannot or should not buy? If so, what moral limits, if any, should the law impose on market exchanges? The seminar will examine a range of morally contested contracts and exchanges—from surrogacy, organ sales, and prostitution to usury and interest, vote-selling, life insurance, wage labor, and pollution permits—and consider the philosophical questions they raise. Course readings will be drawn from political theory, moral philosophy, and selected law cases.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03. Offered jointly with, and meets at, the Law School. Open to GSAS students with permission of the instructor.

*Government 2065. Associations
Catalog Number: 3387
Nancy Lipton Rosenblum
Half course (spring term). Th., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
This seminar focuses on freedom for associational life, with readings drawn from the history of political thought, contemporary philosophy, and law. The question “should government impose public norms of justice on the internal lives of groups?” will focus on cultural groups, religious associations, and political parties.

Government 2075. Nietzsche and Arendt
Catalog Number: 5814
Dana Richard Villa (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Half course (fall term). M., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Examines the development of Nietzsche’s philosophocial and political views, as well as their unexpected influence on the political thinking of Hannah Arendt. Readings include "Beyond Good and Evil," "The Genealogy of Morals," and "The Human Condition."

Government 2080. Topics in Political Philosophy: The Political Philosophy of Spinoza
Catalog Number: 6828
Harvey C. Mansfield
Half course (spring term). W., 4–6. EXAM GROUP: 9
A study of the first philosopher of liberal democracy, with emphasis on the religious question, and with comparisons to other liberal philosophers, particularly Hobbes and Locke. Readings: Political Treatise; Theologico-Political Treatise; Ethics (selections).

Government 2085. Nationalism
Catalog Number: 5097
Glyn Morgan
Half course (fall term). W., 7–9 p.m. EXAM GROUP: 9
Questions addressed include: is nationalism a defensible political ideology? what is liberal nationalism? can rational choice theory explain nationalism? does nationalism make sense in an era of globalization and multiculturalism.

Comparative Government

For Undergraduates and Graduates

[Government 1100. Political Economy of Development]
Catalog Number: 7687
Devesh Kapur
Half course (spring term). Hours to be aranged.
Comparative analysis of political economy of development drawing on case studies from Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 1102. Democratization and Economic Reform
Catalog Number: 6232
Yoshiko M. Herrera
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., at 10. EXAM GROUP: 12
A comparative investigation of market-oriented economic reforms and transitions to democracy in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and East Asia. Considers the bases of democracy and economic prosperity, and analyzes the consolidation of political institutions under conditions of economic crisis, as well as the possibilities for economic reform under conditions of weak political institutions. Class sessions will be divided between lectures and discussions.

[*Government 1115 (formerly Government 2205). Collective Action, Protest Movements, and Politics]
Catalog Number: 5508
Grzegorz Ekiert
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Reviews the contemporary literature on collective action, protest, and social movements. Focuses primarily on political factors facilitating protest, repertoires of contention, the role of cultural factors and the construction of identities through collective action, and methods of studying collective action. Cases will be drawn from different regions and historical periods.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 1145 (formerly Government 90rb). Comparative Constitutional Engineering
Catalog Number: 4678
Cindy Skach
Half course (spring term). Th., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16
This course critically examines when, and how, institutional design affects the performance and stability of democracy. Topics include the manipulation of party systems via electoral systems; incentive structures in the presidential, parliamentary, and semi-presidential constitutional types: the “problems” of divided government, minority government and divided minority government; the increasingly important role of constitutional courts; and the challenge of engineering in deeply divided societies. Examples are drawn from a variety of world regions and historical periods.

[Government 1173. The Politics of Western Europe]
Catalog Number: 0105
Cindy Skach
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
A critical introduction to domestic institutions and policy styles in Western Europe since 1945. Britain, France, Germany, and Italy will be examined in the context of more comparative themes. Topics discussed will include: political parties, interest groups, and changing patterns of interest articulation and representation; constitutional types and executive-legislative behavior; the politics of federalism and regionalism; the evolving conceptions of the state, sovereignty and citizenship; and the “Europeanization” of domestic politics.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

*Government 1197 (formerly *Government 2197). Political and Economic Development in Africa
Catalog Number: 9130 Enrollment: Limited to 20.
Robert H. Bates
Half course (fall term). M., W., at 1, and Tu., 1–2:30. EXAM GROUP: 6, 15, 16
Students will attend lectures with Social Analysis 52 and also meet for a 1 1/2 hour seminar. Reading and discussion will focus on the political economy of development in Africa, viewed from an historical perspective.

Government 1207. Comparative Politics of the Middle East
Catalog Number: 5232
Eva Bellin
Half course (spring term). M., W., F., at 11. EXAM GROUP: 4
Introduction to the politics of the region through the study of regimes in Saudi Arabia, Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, Turkey, and Israel. Themes include the historical legacy of colonialism, the logic of authoritarian survival, the role of religion in politics, the perils and profits of rent, the challenge of ethnic pluralism, the politics of gender, and the prospects for democratization in the region.

[Government 1208. The Politics of Islamic Resurgence]
Catalog Number: 0907
Eva Bellin
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Studies the impact of Islamic resurgence on both international and intranational politics. Explores competing explanations for Islamic resurgence (cultural, economic, and political), Islamic movements in comparative perspective (with cases selected cross-regionally from Iran and Egypt to Indonesia and France), the ideological content of Islamic revival (and debates over its potential conflict with Western notions of democracy, human rights, and gender equality), the successes and failures of Islamic revolution, the politics of cultural change, and Islam as supranational movement.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 1243. Russian Politics in Transition
Catalog Number: 1982
Stephen E. Hanson (University of Washington)
Half course (fall term). M., W., F., at 12. EXAM GROUP: 5
An examination of politics in the Russian Federation since the collapse of Soviet communism, focusing on the factors promoting and impeding the development of a stable democratic regime. Topics include the general dynamics of political and economic transformation, leadership, institution building, political culture, regionalism and federalism, electoral and party politics, state-society relations and interest groups, and Russian nationalism and neo-imperialism.

[Government 1246. Comparative Politics of the Post-Soviet States]
Catalog Number: 8809
Yoshiko M. Herrera
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
A comparative examination of politics and government among the 15 successor states to the Soviet Union, focusing on variation in the development of institutions, the degree of democratization, state strength, and economic prosperity. Topics include mass politics and political action institutions, nationalism and identity politics, and economic transformations since the end of the USSR in 1991.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 1273. The Political Economy of Japan
Catalog Number: 1365
Margarita Estevez-Abe
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., at 11. EXAM GROUP: 13
This course examines the history of Japan’s political economy, its recent success and its current problems. Why did Japan succeed in becoming the first non-Western society to industrialize? Did Japan develop a particular brand of capitalism? What role did the political system play? What are its advantages and disadvantages of the Japanese model? Can it overcome the current technological changes and global pressures? Or is it no longer a viable model to emulate?

[Government 1280. Government and Politics of China]
Catalog Number: 1643
Elizabeth J. Perry
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
General introduction to the politics of contemporary China. Basic objectives are to provide a working knowledge of Chinese political programs and practices, and to encourage a critical evaluation of the positive and negative aspects of China’s socialist experiment.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 1295. Comparative Politics in Latin America
Catalog Number: 4241
Steven R. Levitsky
Half course (spring term). M., W., 2–3:30, and a section to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Examines the dynamics of political and economic change in 20th-century Latin America, exploring the causes and consequences of the phenomena we have conceptualized as populism, import substituting industrialization (ISI), bureaucratic authoritarianism, democracy, and neoliberalism. Examines Latin American politics from the collapse of oligarchic rule and the emergence of populism and ISI in the 1930s and 1940s to the widespread collapse of democracy and establishment of military regimes in the 1960s and 1970s, to the contemporary processes of democratization and economic liberalization. The course compares different theoretical approaches in an effort to explain both these general processes of change and important differences across Latin American countries.

Cross-listed Courses

[Foreign Cultures 48. The Cultural Revolution]
[Historical Study A-15. Politics and Society in the Making of Modern India]
Historical Study A-53. The Chinese Revolutionary Tradition
Historical Study A-73. The Political Development of Western Europe
Historical Study B-64. The Cuban Revolution, 1956–1971: A Self-Debate
Social Analysis 52. Growth and Development in Historical Perspective

Primarily for Graduates

*Government 2105. Comparative Politics: Field Seminar
Catalog Number: 0154
Devesh Kapur and Paul Pierson
Half course (spring term). W., 12–2. EXAM GROUP: 5, 6
Surveys major topics in comparative politics. Works of theoretical importance from both the developed and the developing world considered. Addresses such issues as development of the modern state; institutions of government; social cleavages and interest mediation; democracy and authoritarianism; revolution and political stability; political parties; mass and elite political behavior.

[*Government 2112. Comparative Political Economy]
Catalog Number: 8251
Peter A. Hall and Torben Iversen
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
A survey of several main topics and theories in comparative political economy with a focus on advanced industrial democracies. Concentrates on theories that try to explain fundamental differences in economic policy and performance across nations, seeking to establish the relative importance of institutional variables, political cleavages, partisanship and ideology with particular attention to pressures for convergence and the politics associated with “globalization.”
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

*Government 2131. Comparative Politics of Latin America
Catalog Number: 3337
Jorge I. Domínguez
Half course (fall term). M., 4–6. EXAM GROUP: 9
Topics: historical paths, economic strategies, inflation and exchange rates, international explanations of domestic outcomes, authoritarian and democratic regimes, state institutions, the Roman Catholic Church, social movements, parties and party systems, and voters and voting behavior.
Note: Expected to be omitted in 2002–03.

*Government 2140. Identity in History and Politics
Catalog Number: 7502
Yoshiko M. Herrera, Alastair Iain Johnston, and Terry D. Martin
Half course (spring term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Analyzes how the concept of identity is currently being used in the social sciences, particularly history and political science. Examines classic works on racial, ethnic, class, status, gender, religious, regional, transnational, and national identity in history and political science. Focus will be on defining identity more precisely and, in particular, exploring and evaluating new techniques for measuring identity.

[Government 2148. Civil Society, West and East]
Catalog Number: 4675
Susan J. Pharr and Grzegorz Ekiert
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
This seminar explores the rise of civil society in states worldwide. It examines the debates over what civil society is, the notion of “public space,” and the idea of “civic engagement,” and looks at the complex relationship between civil society and the state, on the one hand, and markets, on the other. After tracing the emergence of civil society in Western Europe, the seminar looks at the forms civil society is taking in other settings, from Eastern Europe to the Asia-Pacific. It examines how a wide range of factors, from wars to the internet to the rise of international NGOs, affects the nature and quality of civic life, and democratic transitions, in different countries.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 2150. Institutional Foundations of Modern Capitalism
Catalog Number: 4583
Margarita Estevez-Abe and Torben Iversen
Half course (spring term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
A survey of theoretical and empirical literatures on varieties of modern capitalism. The course seeks to explain differences in economic institutions and outcomes, and how these interact with political processes in advanced democracies.

[Government 2158. Political Institutions and Economic Policy]
Catalog Number: 6448
Jeffry Frieden and Kenneth A. Shepsle
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
This seminar explores the role of political institutions in the formation, implementation, and regulation of economic policy. We examine research traditions in the positive theory of political institutions, and in comparative and international political economy, and apply them to several substantive issue areas.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

[*Government 2160. Politics and Economics]
Catalog Number: 7780
James E. Alt and Lisa L. Martin
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Covers the political economy of policymaking and institutional change. Readings include a mixture of foundational approaches and recent research. Topics include political business cycles and voting; debt, deficits, and the size of government; political economy of trade and special interests; and monetary institutions and exchange rates.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 2162 (formerly Government 2062). Perspectives on Political Economy
Catalog Number: 1999
Robert H. Bates and Kenneth A. Shepsle
Half course (fall term). M., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
A microperspective on various topics in political economy, including the emergence and development of institutions, property rights, agency relationships, the effects of time on politics, and the role of politicians (“putting the politicians back in.”)

[Government 2178. Contemporary Welfare Capitalism]
Catalog Number: 8283
Torben Iversen and Paul Pierson
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
This course examines different approaches to the study of welfare capitalism in its distinct national forms across advanced democracies. Emphasis is placed on explaining differences in social institutions, policies, and outcomes across countries, and on exploring how these institutions, policies, and outcomes are affected over time by globalization and other forces of change. What are the trade-offs between policy goals such as equality and economic growth, and how are the choices over these trade-offs affected by national political institutions, the organization of production, and partisan politics?
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

[Government 2210. Political Economy of the Post-Socialist Transition]
Catalog Number: 8815
Yoshiko M. Herrera
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
This course examines political and administrative difficulties accompanying the effort to build market economies in Eastern Europe and the states of the former Soviet Union. After a historical introduction to socialist economic institutions, turns to central processes of privatization, stabilization, liberalization, enterprise adaptation, and fiscal and administrative development. Taught cooperatively with an MIT seminar led by Professor David Woodruff.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 2213. Comparative Politics of Post-Socialism
Catalog Number: 6876
Stephen E. Hanson (University of Washington)
Half course (fall term). Tu., 4–6. EXAM GROUP: 18
A research seminar designed to define an agenda for the comparative analysis of political developments among postsocialist systems. Emphasis placed on the formation of research proposals, methods of analysis, theory-building, and the presentation of comparative empirical research.

[Government 2218. Topics in Russian Politics]
Catalog Number: 0872
Timothy J. Colton
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
A research seminar on selected problems in the politics and government of post-Soviet Russia. Intended for students with some prior study of the subject.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 2262. Politics and Political Economy in Japan
Catalog Number: 7446
Susan J. Pharr
Half course (fall term). W., 3–5. EXAM GROUP: 8, 9
Explores major issues in Japanese politics and political economy in historical and comparative perspective, including the role of the ruling party, bureaucracy, and big business in policymaking; the trade-offs of a “one-party dominant” political system; the role of an opposition in such a system; and the international, sociocultural, economic, and political determinants of domestic policy choices.
Note: Open to qualified undergraduates.

Government 2284. Chinese Authors on Chinese Politics
Catalog Number: 7556
Roderick MacFarquhar
Half course (fall term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
An examination of how P.R.C. authors have analyzed the politics of their country and comparisons with relevant Western accounts.
Prerequisite: A good reading knowledge of Chinese and previous course work on Chinese politics. Open to qualified undergraduates.

*Government 2285. Political Science and China
Catalog Number: 1566
Elizabeth J. Perry
Half course (spring term). Th., 12–2. EXAM GROUP: 14, 15
This graduate seminar gives students control over the secondary literature on Chinese politics, with special attention to competing theoretical and methodological approaches.

American Government, Public Law and Administration

For Undergraduates and Graduates

Government 1300. The Politics of Congress
Catalog Number: 8868
Catherine R. Shapiro
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., at 11. EXAM GROUP: 13
This course examines the ways in which the electoral system as well as the rules and institutions of the House of Representatives and the Senate interact to produce law. Emphasis is put on placing current legislative behavior --campaigning and campaign finance reform, filibustering, logrolling, and vote trading -- in historical and analytic perspective.

[Government 1340. Constitutional Interpretation]
Catalog Number: 1721
Keith J. Bybee
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
An introduction to American constitutional interpretation. Provides a historical survey of basic Supreme Court doctrines and considers the stature of the Court as a particular sort of political institution.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

[Government 1341. Civil Liberties]
Catalog Number: 5544
Keith J. Bybee
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
An examination of contemporary constitutional interpretation, focusing on the Bill of Rights and the 14th Amendment. Specific consideration given to issues of race, gender, privacy, property, free speech, religious diversity, and political representation.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.
Prerequisite: Government 1340.

Government 1360. American Public Opinion
Catalog Number: 8196
Barry C. Burden
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., at 10. EXAM GROUP: 12
Analyzes what Americans think about politics, why they do so, and what consequences these beliefs have on citizen behavior and system response. Investigates methods of survey research.

Government 1540. The American Presidency
Catalog Number: 4925
Roger B. Porter (Kennedy School)
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., 11:30–1. EXAM GROUP: 13
Analyzes the development and modern practice of presidential leadership. Examines the institutional presidency, presidential selection, decision making, and the relationship of the presidency with the executive branch, Congress, courts, interest groups, the press and the public. Considers the political resources and constraints influencing the President’s ability to provide leadership in the U.S. political system.
Note: Offered jointly with the Kennedy School of Government as PAL-115. Meets at FAS.

Government 1565. Urban Politics
Catalog Number: 0832
Patrick D. Joyce
Half course (fall term). M., W., at 10. EXAM GROUP: 3
Examines central themes in the politics of American cities, with emphases on the historical development of urban political institutions, the impact of federalism, the political incorporation of new groups, and the formation of coalitions across economic, racial and ethnic lines.

*Government 1582. Who Are We? Issues of American National Identity
Catalog Number: 9119
Samuel P. Huntington
Half course (spring term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
This is a limited enrollment discussion course for both graduate and undergraduate students. Topics include: ethnic, racial, cultural, and ideological concepts of American identity; the relation between national and other identities; contemporary debates over national identity; immigration, assimilation, and Anglo-Hispanic biculturalism; America as the “exceptional” or “universal” country ; the problem of the lack of an opposing “evil empire;” the impact of different conceptions of identity on America’s international role.

[Government 1590. Making American Public Policy]
Catalog Number: 4184
Paul Pierson
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Survey of basic approaches to the study of national policymaking in the United States. What factors influence the identification of policy problems, the setting of agendas, and executive legislative decisions? How does the distinctive structure of American political institutions affect the policymaking process? Course balances a review of theoretical approaches to public policy analysis with detailed case studies on environmental, health, and budgetary policy.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Cross-listed Courses

Social Analysis 54. American Society and Public Policy
Social Analysis 58. Representation, Equality, and Democracy
Social Analysis 66. Race, Ethnicity, and Politics in the United States
*Sociology 296a. Proseminar on Inequality and Social Policy I

Primarily for Graduates

*Government 2305. American Government and Politics: Field Seminar
Catalog Number: 2305
Barry C. Burden and Theda Skocpol
Half course (fall term). W., 10–12. EXAM GROUP: 3, 4
Designed to acquaint Ph.D. candidates in Government with a variety of approaches that have proved useful in examining important topics in the study of American government and politics. These approaches explored through intensive examination of illustrative works—classic as well as contemporary—that range from general interpretations of American politics to studies of specific institutions and processes.

Government 2310 (formerly Government 2113). Social Capital and Public Affairs: Research Seminar
Catalog Number: 7051
Robert D. Putnam
Half course (spring term). Th., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Topics in the relationship between politics and civil society in the United States.
Note: Offered jointly with the Kennedy School of Government as API-420. Meets at the Kennedy School.

[Government 2312. Public Opinion and Public Choice]
Catalog Number: 7315
Jasjeet Singh Sekhon
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Explores the relationship between public opinion and public policy. Studies macroeconomic, health, and technology policy development. Also explores nontraditional method.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03. Qualified undergraduates are welcome.

[Government 2326. American Political Development and Contemporary Politics]
Catalog Number: 8914
Paul Pierson and Theda Skocpol
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Analyzes the US polity since World War II, making explicit the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of an institutionalist and developmental approach sensitive to processes and structural transformations. Examines state capacities; relations of business, labor, and the state; public policies (including “the rights revolution”); and civic engagement and interest intermediation. Taught cooperatively with an M.I.T. seminar led by Professor Daniel Kryder.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 2335. Power in American Society
Catalog Number: 2649
Jennifer L. Hochschild
Half course (spring term). Th., 12–2. EXAM GROUP: 14, 15
Considers theories of power in American political science and political theory, and uses in understanding political stratification. Attention to power based on race, gender, class, and institutional frameworks; discussion of measuring and conceptualizing power.

*Government 2340. Proseminar on Inequality and Social Policy ll
Catalog Number: 5491
Jennifer L. Hochschild
Half course (spring term). M., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Considers effects of varied political activities on creating or reducing inequality in US, and at effects of inequality on political activity and policy choices. Examines electoral participation, social movements, lawmaking, etc. on policies like education, ERA, welfare.
Note: Offered jointly with the Kennedy School of Government as HLE-512. Course Meets at Kennedy School. Cannot be used toward satisfaction of Departmental requirement of 8 half-courses in Government.

Government 2407. Economics and Elections: The United States and Western Europe
Catalog Number: 1607
Michael S. Lewis-Beck (University of Iowa)
Half course (fall term). Tu., 4–6. EXAM GROUP: 18
Topics include economic problems on the issue agenda, macroeconomics and national elections, the theory of economic voting, economic versus noneconomic issues in the voter calculus, cross-cultural differences in economic voting, and the political business cycle.

Government 2472. Interest Group Politics
Catalog Number: 7398
John Mark Hansen
Half course (fall term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
This course takes up various claims about interest groups in American politics and considers ways to evaluate them. Topics include (1) the organizational politics of interest groups; (2) the influence of interest groups on national policymakers; and (3) the place of interest groups in the conduct of democracy.

Government 2480. Media and Politics
Catalog Number: 8934
William G. Mayer (Northeastern University)
Half course (spring term). Tu., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16
An introduction to current research about the role of the mass media in American national politics. Course will give special attention to theories of media content and the impact of the media on public opinion.

[*Government 2490. Educational Politics and Policy]
Catalog Number: 3399
Paul E. Peterson
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Analyses of controversies in research on educational policy and government with special interest given to urban schools.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03. Permission of instructor required for all students who are not degree candidates in the FAS Department of Government. Offered jointly with the Kennedy School of Government as HLE-348. Meets at the Kennedy School.

International Relations

For Undergraduates and Graduates

[Government 1730. War and Politics]
Catalog Number: 6806
Stephen Peter Rosen
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Explores the organized use of violence for the purposes of the state, with particular attention paid to the question of strategy and the sources of victory.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Government 1735. Arms and Arms Control
Catalog Number: 1366
Andrew Harriman Kydd
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 1–2:30. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16
Introduces students to the topic of arms racing, arms control and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Covers the causes and consequences of arms racing, theory and practice of arms control, nuclear, chemical and biological weapons proliferation, and arms control issues in Europe, Korea, South Asia and the Middle East.

Government 1750. Nationalism in International Relations
Catalog Number: 0273
Lars-Erik Cederman
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., 10–11:30. EXAM GROUP: 12, 13
Nationalism is one of the most salient phenomena in the contemporary world. Yet it remains an under-theorized topic in International Relations. The first part of this course will explore its historical and conceptual origins focusing on Europe. The second part applies the findings of the first part to issues in the contemporary world, including decolonization, the end of the cold war, post-communist politics, ethnic conflict and supranational integration.

Government 1760. International Relations of East Asia
Catalog Number: 2733
Alastair Iain Johnston
Half course (fall term). M., W., 2–3:30. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Introduction to the historical, military, political, economic, and cultural features of interstate relations in East Asia and the Pacific. The course will also present some theoretical and methodological tools for more systematic analysis of these issues. The goal will be to understand changing levels of conflict and cooperation in the region.

Government 1780. International Political Economy
Catalog Number: 0272
Jeffry Frieden
Half course (spring term). M., W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Analyzes the interaction of politics and economics in the international arena. Focuses on international trade, investment, monetary, and financial relations. Includes discussion of developed, developing, and formerly centrally-planned nations.

[Government 1982. Chinese Foreign Policy, 1949–1998]
Catalog Number: 8908
Alastair Iain Johnston
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Introduction to the descriptive history of China’s international relations with special focus on different theoretical explanations for changes in foreign policy behavior (e.g. polarity, history, ideology, leadership, bureaucracy, among others). No prior background in China or international relations theory required.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Cross-listed Courses

Historical Study A-51. The Modern World Economy, 1873–2000
Quantitative Reasoning 38. The Strategy of International Politics

Primarily for Graduates

*Government 2710. International Relations: Field Seminar
Catalog Number: 8310
Bear F. Braumoeller and Andrew Moravcsik
Half course (fall term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
A survey of the field. Suitable for students preparing for general examinations.

*Government 2720. The Politics of International Monetary and Financial Relations
Catalog Number: 5442
Jeffry Frieden
Half course (fall term). M., 12–2. EXAM GROUP: 5, 6
Covers two interrelated topics. The first is the political economy of international finance: sovereign lending, international banking, international financial integration. The second is the politics of international monetary relations: monetary regimes, inter-state monetary interactions, national macroeconomic policy.

[Government 2721. Psychological Approaches to International Relations]
Catalog Number: 5404
Stephen Peter Rosen
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
This course will examine the relevance of the findings from experimental psychology to the behavior of individual decision makers in international relations. Topics will include prospect theory, attribution theory, and evolutionary psychology.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03. Offered jointly with the Kennedy School as ISP-303. Meets at FAS.

[Government 2726. The Use of Force: Political and Moral Criteria]
Catalog Number: 7160
Stanley Hoffmann
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
This seminar will examine normative discourse about the use of force. Primary attention will be paid analytically and historically to the “Just-War/Just-Defense” ethic. Readings and lectures will assess the ethic in light of challenges to it from the tradition of non-violence and from the nature of modern warfare. The Just-War ethic will then be assessed in light of three cases: nuclear strategy, hi-tech conventional war, and interventions.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03. Open to qualified undergraduates. Offered jointly with the Divinity School as 2853, and with the Kennedy School of Government as ISP-340. Meets at FAS.

Government 2738. Game Theory and International Relations
Catalog Number: 7791
Andrew Harriman Kydd
Half course (spring term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
A survey of applications of game theory to international relations. Focuses on the central debates in international relations theory and how game theory has contributed to advancing and understanding them. Some exposure to IR theory and an introductory course in game theory is helpful but not required.

[Government 2740. Quantitative Analysis of International Relations]
Catalog Number: 7181
Bear F. Braumoeller
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
This course focuses on the history of, and new directions in, the quantitative study of international affairs, especially but not exclusively those relating to international security affairs. “Quantitative” will be interpreted quite broadly to include both formalized theories and empirical/statistical testing.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

[*Government 2755. International Political Economy]
Catalog Number: 7392
----------
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
A graduate-level introduction to the theoretical and empirical literature on the political economy of international trade, monetary, regulatory, investment and environmental policies.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

[*Government 2761. International Organization]
Catalog Number: 8442
Lisa L. Martin
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
International politics increasingly means institutionalized interaction among states. This course examines the sources and effects of international institutions. It draws on institutional theories from many fields: international relations, American politics, economics. The purpose is to generate topics for research.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

*Government 2784. Global Politics in the Post-Cold War World
Catalog Number: 1915
Samuel P. Huntington
Half course (fall term). W., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Reviews the emerging patterns of conflict in post-Cold War global politics, focusing on the relations among the major powers, the roles of economic, military, and “soft” power, weapons proliferation, and ethnic conflicts. An effort will be made to evaluate to what extent post-Cold War global politics can be explained by such theories as neo-realism, the end of history, economic integration, transnationalism, and the clash of civilizations.
Note: Open to qualified undergraduates.

*Government 2790. Central Issues of American Foreign Policy
Catalog Number: 3567
Graham T. Allison, Jr. (Kennedy School) and Robert D. Blackwill
Half course (spring term). M., W., 2:30–4. EXAM GROUP: 7, 8
Examination of central issues of American foreign policy today. What developments pose principal challenges and opportunities for U.S. policy? What are priority U.S. national interests? In foreign policymaking, how are national, domestic, and bureaucratic interests and perspectives adjudicated and amalgamated? Course examines a dozen issues at the top of the current international agenda—from “loose nukes” in Russia, potential confrontation with China over Taiwan, and peacekeeping in Rwanda to trade disputes with Japan and the IMF reform—and analyzes the international environment, identifies specific policy options, considers pros and cons, and reflects on processes for choice and action. Course seeks to combine operational assignments and conceptual/theoretical writings that help clarify choices. Students learn both about current issues and how to analyze issues and present them in option memos.
Note: Offered jointly with the Kennedy School of Government as ISP-202. Meets at the Kennedy School.

*Government 2795. Military Organizational Politics
Catalog Number: 9111
Stephen Peter Rosen
Half course (spring term). Tu., 10–12. EXAM GROUP: 12, 13
The course will examine organizational behavior theory with particular reference to the politics of military organizational behavior. Taught cooperatively with an M.I.T. seminar led by Harvey Sapolsky.

[*Government 2900. U.S.–Latin American Relations]
Catalog Number: 8020
Jorge I. Domínguez
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
A study of political and economic relations between the U.S. and Latin American countries, and of the international relations of Latin America, since 1945. Attention also given to foreign policy decision making in the U.S. and Latin America, and to alternative approaches to the study of international relations and foreign policy.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

Graduate Courses of Reading and Research

*Government 3000. Reading and Research
Catalog Number: 3391
Roderick MacFarquhar 7856, James E. Alt 1593, Scott Ashworth 3318, Robert H. Bates 1251, Eva Bellin 3446, Bear F. Braumoeller 3330, Barry C. Burden 2524 (on leave spring term), Keith J. Bybee 1253, Andrea L. Campbell 2508 (on leave spring term), Lars-Erik Cederman 3964, Timothy J. Colton 2269 (on leave 2001-02), Jorge I. Domínguez 3823, Grzegorz Ekiert 2718 (on leave 2001-02), Margarita Estevez-Abe 3565, Jeffry Frieden 1627, Peter A. Hall 7272, John Mark Hansen 4103, Stephen E. Hanson 3978, Yoshiko M. Herrera 1622 (on leave fall term), Michael J. Hiscox 4104 (on leave 2002-03), Jennifer L. Hochschild 3785, Stanley Hoffmann 1757, Samuel P. Huntington 1765, Torben Iversen 1250, Alastair Iain Johnston 3213 (on leave spring term), Patrick D. Joyce 4105, Devesh Kapur 3071 (on leave 2002-03), Gary King 1723, Sharon R. Krause 3353, Andrew Harriman Kydd 3965, Melissa Sharon Lane (Cambridge University) 4044, Steven R. Levitsky 2395 (on leave fall term), Michael S. Lewis-Beck (University of Iowa) 3995, Harvey C. Mansfield 1731, Lisa L. Martin 1048, William G. Mayer (Northeastern University) 3073, Andrew Moravcsik 2937, Glyn Morgan 2184, Russell Muirhead 1012 (on leave spring term), Mary P. Nichols (Fordham University) 3674, Elizabeth J. Perry 3074, Paul E. Peterson 2114 (on leave spring term), Susan J. Pharr 1518 (on leave spring term), Paul Pierson 2075, Robert D. Putnam 6193, Stephen Peter Rosen 2721, Nancy Lipton Rosenblum 3786 (on leave fall term), Michael J. Sandel 7065 (on leave 2001-02), Jasjeet Singh Sekhon 2244, Catherine R. Shapiro 4047, Kenneth A. Shepsle 1421 (on leave spring term), Cindy Skach 3386, Theda Skocpol 1387 (on leave spring term), Allison Katherine Stanger (Middlebury College) 4196, Dennis F. Thompson 1426, Richard Tuck 1704 (on leave spring term), Sidney Verba 4072, and Dana Richard Villa (University of California, Santa Barbara) 3971 (fall term only)
Note: Requires written work of sufficient quantity and quality so that the course is equivalent to a lecture course or a seminar. Students who want supervised reading without substantial written work should take TIME-C (catalog number 8899) instead.

*Government 3000a. Reading and Research Seminar
Catalog Number: 4143
Members of the Department
Small seminar on special topics. May be arranged with faculty listed under Government 3000. Requires written work as does Government 3000, but also involves regular class meetings.

Research Workshops

All Department of Government graduate students who have passed generals are eligible to enroll in one of the following research workshops. Others may attend with permission of instructor.
*Government 3004. Research Workshop in American Politics
Catalog Number: 8566
John Mark Hansen 4103 and Theda Skocpol 1387 (on leave spring term)
Full course (indivisible). M., 4–6. EXAM GROUP: Fall: 9
A forum for the presentation and discussion of research in progress by graduate students (2nd year and above), faculty, and visiting scholars. Anyone working on contemporary American politics or on U.S. political development is welcome. Occasional presentations by invited speakers.

[*Government 3005b. Research Workshop in International Relations: New Approaches to Security Studies]
Catalog Number: 1016
Bear F. Braumoeller 3330, Alastair Iain Johnston 3213 (on leave spring term), and Stephen Peter Rosen 2721
Full course (indivisible). Hours to be arranged. EXAM GROUP: 5, 6
Research workshop for advanced graduate students working on dissertation proposals in security studies.
Note: Expected to be given in 2002–03.

*Government 3006. Research Workshop in Comparative Politics
Catalog Number: 0910
Samuel P. Huntington 1765, Elizabeth J. Perry 3074, and Cindy Skach 3386
Full course (indivisible). W., 4–6.
This workshop deals with key topics, issues, and concepts in comparative politics. Participants present their own work, including drafts of thesis proposals, thesis chapters, articles, and conference papers, for detailed discussion and comments. Students at all stages of the research process, from preliminary prospectus drafting to thesis completion, are welcome.

*Government 3007. Research Workshop in Political Economy
Catalog Number: 0968
Margarita Estevez-Abe 3565, Jeffry Frieden 1627, and Torben Iversen 1250
Full course (indivisible). W., 4–6.
This workshop brings graduate students, faculty, and visiting scholars together to present and discuss work in progress. Intended for graduate students in the third year and above, it welcomes scholarship of all types, and on all aspects, of political economy: American, comparative, international, and other.

*Government 3009. Research Workshop in Applied Statistics
Catalog Number: 8142
Jasjeet Singh Sekhon 2244, Rebecca Aubrey Betensky (Public Health) 3782, Lee Fleming (Business School) 3839, and Donald B. Rubin 7966
Full course (indivisible). W., 12–2.
A forum for graduate students, faculty, and visiting scholars to present and discuss work in progress. Features a tour of Harvard’s statistical innovations and applications with weekly stops in different disciplines. Occasional presentations by invited speakers.