History of Art and Architecture

Faculty of the Department of History of Art and Architecture

Suzanne P. Blier, Professor of the History of Art and Architecture
John Baines, Martha A. Willcomb Visiting Professor on Ancient Egyptian Civilizations (Oxford University)
Yve-Alain Bois, Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. Professor of Modern Art (Acting Chair)
Pramod Chandra, George P. Bickford Professor of Indian and South Asian Art
James Cuno, Professor of History of Art and Architecture and Elizabeth and John Moors Cabot Director of the Harvard University Art Museums
Valentin Groebner, Visiting Associate Professor of History of Art and Architecture
Alice G. Jarrard, Assistant Professor of History of Art and Architecture (on leave 1999-00)
Ioli Kalavrezou, Dumbarton Oaks Professor of Byzantine Art (Chair) (on leave fall term)
Joseph Koerner, Professor of History of Art and Architecture (on leave 1999-00)
Ewa Lajer-Burcharth, Harris K. Weston Associate Professor of the Humanities
Neil Levine, Emmet Blakeney Gleason Professor of History of Art and Architecture (on leave fall term)
David Gordon Mitten, James Loeb Professor of Classical Art and Archaeology
Serafín Moralejo, Fernando Zobel de Ayala Professor of Spanish Art (on leave fall term) (on leave fall term)
Gülru Necipoglu-Kafadar, Aga Khan Professor of Islamic Art (Director of Undergraduate Studies)
David J. Roxburgh, Assistant Professor of History of Art and Architecture (on leave 1999-00)
John Shearman, Adams University Professor
Rabun Taylor, Assistant Professor of History of Art and Architecture
Eugene Yuejin Wang, Assistant Professor of History of Art and Architecture
Cherie A. Wendelken, Assistant Professor of History of Art and Architecture (on leave spring term)
Irene J. Winter, William Dorr Boardman Professor of Fine Arts (on leave 1999-00)
Henri Zerner, Professor of History of Art and Architecture (Director of Graduate Studies)

Museum Associates

Anne M. Anninger, Lecturer on History of Art and Architecture and Philip Hofer Curator of Printing and Graphic Arts in the Harvard College Library
Marjorie B. Cohn, Senior Lecturer on History of Art and Architecture and Curator of Prints, Harvard University Art Museums
Harry A. Cooper, Lecturer on History of Art and Architecture, and Associate Curator of Modern Art, Harvard University Art Museums
Eugene F. Farrell, Lecturer on History of Art and Architecture and Senior Conservation Scientist in the Harvard University Art Museums
Ivan Gaskell, Senior Lecturer on History of Art and Architecture and Margaret S. Winthrop Curator of Paintings, Harvard University Art Museums
Henry W. Lie, Lecturer on History of Art and Architecture and Senior Conservator of Objects and Sculpture, Straus Center for Conservation, Harvard University Art Museums
Robert D. Mowry, Senior Lecturer on History of Art and Architecture and Curator of Chinese Art and Head of Asian Art, Harvard University Art Museums
Peter Nisbet, Senior Lecturer on History of Art and Architecture and Daimler-Benz Curator of the Busch-Reisinger Museum
William W. Robinson, Senior Lecturer on History of Art and Architecture and Ian Woodner Curator of Drawings in The Fogg Art Museum
Stephan S. Wolohojian, Lecturer on History of Art and Architecture and Associate Curator of Paintings, Sculpture, and Decorative Arts, Harvard University Art Museum

Note: The department has decided on the name History of Art and Architecture because of its normative character and its clarity in describing our discipline and what it is we actually do. The term ‘fine arts’ is misleading in that it was historically based on a type of hierarchy of the arts, namely the fine as opposed to the decorative or applied arts, which no longer is operative in the way much of the art history we deal with is taught.

Courses in the History of Art and Architecture undergraduate curriculum are structured as a three-tier system, consisting of a sequence of entry-level courses, field-specific introductory courses, and upper-level courses. For the concentrator, these are supplemented by tutorials. Passage through the sequence from entry level to more advanced classes is encouraged—particularly for prospective concentrators. Literature and Arts B-10 Art and Visual Culture: Introduction to the Historical Study of Art and Architecture, using paradigmatic works of art, introduces concepts by which the visual arts can be understood and analyzed. The course is required of concentrators; it is also intended as a basic course for students not intending to concentrate. History of Art and Architecture 11, Landmarks of World Architecture, examines great monuments in world architecture, from ancient times to the 20th century, and the unique aesthetic, cultural, and historical issues that frame them. History of Art and Architecture 70, Introduction to Modern Art and Visual Culture, 1700–1990s, examines modernity, and tha place of visual representation in modern culture. The course will cover the whole range of modern media from sculpture, prints, and photography to video, installation art, and performance art. History of Art and Architecture 12–19 constitute field-specific introductions to the major subfields of art history and their associated methodologies. These introductory courses are intended both for students in the concentration and for nonconcentrators with an interest in a particular subject within History of Art and Architecture. History of Art and Architecture 100-199 courses tend to focus upon a particular problem or set of materials within a subfield.

Primarily for Undergraduates

Attention is called to courses offering studio experience in visual arts in the Department of Visual and Environmental Studies and in the Core Program (Literature and Arts B).
History of Art and Architecture 11. Landmarks of World Architecture
Catalog Number: 3675
Neil Levine and members of the Faculty
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., at 12. EXAM GROUP: 14
This course will examine great monuments in world architecture, from ancient times to the 20th century, and the unique aesthetic, cultural, and historical issues that frame them. Members of the History of Art and Architecture faculty will each lecture on a building in their area of expertise. These will include the Palace of Versailles, St. Peter’s in Rome, the Taj Mahal, Hagia Sophia, the Alhambra, Chartres Cathedral, the Royal Court of Benin, the Palaces at Nineveh and at Katsura, the Paris Opera House, and the Guggenheim Museum. Weekly sections will focus more generally on key questions in the analysis and interpretation of architecture.

[History of Art and Architecture 12. Early Islamic Art and Architecture (650-1250)]
Catalog Number: 7236
David J. Roxburgh
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
An introductory survey of the architecture, ceramics, metalwork, and arts of the book from Spain to India and Central Asia, during the period between the rise of Islam and Mongol conquests. Focusing on the patronage of ruling elites in principal urban centers, the architecture and material culture of the Islamic world will be approached through a variety of contexts: cultural, political, socio-economic, and aesthetic.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01. This survey complements Fine Arts 12d: Introduction to Later Islamic Art and Architecture (1250–1800).

[History of Art and Architecture 12d. Introduction to Later Islamic Art and Architecture (1250–1800)]
Catalog Number: 3027
Gülru Necipoglu-Kafadar
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
An introductory survey of the masterpieces of later Islamic art and architecture from the Mongol conquests in the early 13th century to the modern era. Architectural monuments, the applied arts, and the arts of the book from Spain to the borders of China will be treated in their cultural, political, socio-economic, and aesthetic contexts. The visual culture of the Islamic world will be analyzed within a dynastic perspective, highlighting the goals of patrons belonging to ruling elites.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 13h. Foundations of Early Civilization: An Introduction to the Art of Ancient Mesopotamia]
Catalog Number: 7382
Irene J. Winter
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Survey of the art and archaeology of ancient Mesopotamia from Uruk through the Neo-Assyrian periods, charting the relationship between the arts and society from the earliest city-states to the beginnings of empire. Includes a survey of archaeological data as well as those art-historical approaches available for analysis of ancient monuments.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 13k. Introduction to Roman Art and Architecture]
Catalog Number: 1426
Rabun Taylor
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
At its height, the Roman Empire extended from Scotland to Syria, and from the North Sea to the Sahara. This course examines the art and architecture produced in lands under Roman rule during a one thousand year period, from Rome’s beginnings as an Etruscan city in the 7th century BCE to the Christianizing of Rome in the 4th century CE.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 14e. Introduction to Western Medieval Art and Architecture]
Catalog Number: 8325
Serafín Moralejo
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
A millennium of Western art and architecture, from the Age of the Invasions to the full establishment of an urban society. Particular attention to the turning points of the period combined with thematic approaches.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 15d. Introduction to Italian Renaissance Painting and Sculpture ca. 1260–1600]
Catalog Number: 1682
John Shearman
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
An introduction to the major personalities and events in four Italian styles: Gothic, Renaissance, High Renaissance, and Mannerist. The approach assumes that we are concerned essentially with history—with one branch of a large family of historical studies. The works of art are thus studied in the context of whatever human, social, political, technological, or economic circumstances are most appropriate. The course is a highly selective survey. The lectures vary widely in method and focus, a secondary intention being to illustrate the concerns of art history as a discipline.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 16d. Introduction to Northern Renaissance and Baroque Painting and Sculpture]
Catalog Number: 1929
Joseph Koerner
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Surveys the major monuments of Netherlandish and German painting and sculpture between 1400 and 1600. Special attention will be given to questions of function, genre, and relations between art and literature.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 17 (formerly Fine Arts 17e). Introduction to 19th-Century European Art]
Catalog Number: 3070
Ewa Lajer-Burcharth
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Surveys 19th-century European art from 1780s to 1880s (Neoclassicism to Post-Impressionism) emphasizing the relation between painting, sculpture and modern visual culture at large. Discusses the nascent mythologies of the modern artist; art in the revolutions; representations of modern life; the nexus of gender, sexuality and modernity. Focuses on the major artists, from David, Vigée-Lebrun, Goya, Turner and Friedrich to Bonheur, Morisot, Monet and Cézanne. Two visits to the museums.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 17d. Introduction to 18th-Century European Art]
Catalog Number: 1313
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Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Examines the interaction in 18th-century Europe between the visual arts and politics, economic and social history, literature and philosophy. Topics include the changing nature of the ‘public sphere’; ideologies of private and domestic life; visual representation in relation to ideas of gender and sexuality; the representation of history. Centered on cultural life in France and Great Britain, explores the work of major artists from Watteau to David, including Hogarth, Fragonard, Chardin, Reynolds, and Greuze.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 17j. Introduction to Modern Art]
Catalog Number: 1432
Yve-Alain Bois
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
The term “modernism” is widely used but rarely defined. A variety of texts addressing this issue are examined, mainly from the 1920s. The works and manifestos of artists such as Léger, Malevich, and Mondrian, of film directors such as Eisenstein and Vertov, or architects such as Le Corbusier and Hannes Meyer, and of many other practitioners in other cultural fields, are analyzed in detail.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 17x. Architecture Between Revolution and Modernism: The 19th Century]
Catalog Number: 4968
Neil Levine
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
An introduction to the major monuments, architects, and theories of 19th-century architecture and urbanism. Focus will be on the development of new forms of expression in Europe and America, in response to such issues as the rise of nationalism, the growth of the city, new building types from the middle class, new technologies, and colonial expansion.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

History of Art and Architecture 18d. Introduction to the Art and Architecture of India
Catalog Number: 6967
Pramod Chandra
Half course (spring term). M., W., (F.), at 11. EXAM GROUP: 4
Gives a general idea of ancient Indian architecture, sculpture, and painting through carefully selected monuments and themes. Visual analysis and the importance of artistic evidence in the understanding of the sketchy historical record of the country are emphasized.

[History of Art and Architecture 18g. Introduction to the Art and Architecture of Japan]
Catalog Number: 2470
Cherie A. Wendelken
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
A survey of Japanese art and architecture from prehistoric times to the 20th century. The major achievements of each period are examined in the context of cultural history, with emphasis on the relationship between the arts and place-making.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 18x. Introduction to the History of Chinese Art]
Catalog Number: 6003
Eugene Yuejin Wang
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
This course surveys Chinese art and architecture from antiquity to the recent avant-garde. Though the introduction follows a chronological order, it is also thematically motivated. We will see how visual artifacts—paintings, sculptures, architectural monuments—both consciously encode different pragmatic agendas and circumstantial exigencies and unconsciously betray cultural anxieties and tensions. The purpose is to enable students to look at Chinese history in visual terms and to view visual objects in historical terms, with a critique of the perception of Oriental art as static aesthetical objects suspended in a timeless vacuum.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 19 (formerly Fine Arts 19d). Image, Icon, and Identity: Introduction to the Art of Africa]
Catalog Number: 8872
Suzanne P. Blier
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
This course examines key issues in African art. It is designed both to be an introduction to the rich and diverse arts of Africa and to serve as a forum for the critical evaluation of related theoretical issues. Each class will explore the art of a single civilization (discussing as well concomitant traditions in religion, philosophy, politics, history) while also focusing on a larger theoretical concern—gender, representation of the “other,” aesthetics, artistic creation, psychology, performance art, and the like.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

History of Art and Architecture 35. Roman Art and Society
Catalog Number: 8831
Rabun Taylor
Half course (fall term). M., W., (F.), at 10. EXAM GROUP: 3
What can Roman art tell us about attitudes toward gender roles, sexuality, agression, social status, death and the afterlife, and other everyday human concerns in the ancient world? Drawing upon recent scholarship and a wide variety of visual material from humble terracotta lamps to luxury mosaics, from cameos to colossi, this course will examine art as a rich and subtle medium of social suggestion in the public and private spheres of Roman life.

[History of Art and Architecture 62. Painting and Sculpting in Italy, 1575–1700]
Catalog Number: 7086
Alice G. Jarrard
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Examines notions of invention, genre, patronage, function and audience in 17th-century Italian art. The settings for these historical investigations include Bologna, Rome and Naples; artists range from Algardi and Bernini to the Carracci, Caravaggio, Reni, Poussin, Pietro da Cortona, and Claude Lorrain.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

History of Art and Architecture 70. Introduction to Modern Art and Visual Culture, 1700–1990s
Catalog Number: 4593
Ewa Lajer-Burcharth
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., at 11. EXAM GROUP: 13
What is modernity, and what is the place of visual representation within modern culture? What conceptions of individuality, originality, and desire are at work in the idea of ‘the artist’ in the modern period? Central to the course will be examination of the place of the body and of sexuality in different stylistic regimes—in rococo, Neo-classicism, Impressionism, Abstraction, and beyond; as well as changing conceptions of ‘identity’ in relation to national, imperial, and post-colonial contexts. The course will examine the whole range of modern media, from painting, sculpture, prints, and photography to video, installation, and performance art.

*History of Art and Architecture 91r. Directed Study in History of Art and Architecture
Catalog Number: 1028
Gülru Necipoglu-Kafadar and members of the Faculty
Half course (fall term; repeated spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Note: Open only to juniors and seniors. Students wishing to enroll must petition the Head Tutor for approval, stating the proposed project, and must have the permission of the proposed instructor.

*History of Art and Architecture 97r. Sophomore Tutorial
Catalog Number: 0935
Gülru Necipoglu-Kafadar and members of the Faculty
Half course (fall term; repeated spring term). Hours to be arranged.

*History of Art and Architecture 98ar. Advanced Tutorial
Catalog Number: 1328
Gülru Necipoglu-Kafadar and members of the Faculty
Half course (fall term; repeated spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Note: Required of concentrators.
Prerequisite: History of Art and Architecture 97r.

*History of Art and Architecture 98br. Advanced Tutorial
Catalog Number: 3507
Gülru Necipoglu-Kafadar and members of the Faculty
Half course (fall term; repeated spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Note: Required of concentrators.
Prerequisite: History of Art and Architecture 97r.

*History of Art and Architecture 99. Tutorial — Senior Year
Catalog Number: 3118
Members of the Faculty
Full course. Hours to be arranged.
Note: Intended primarily for honors candidates in History of Art and Architecture. Permission of the Head Tutor required.

For Undergraduates and Graduates

History of Art and Architecture 101. The Materials of Art
Catalog Number: 5741
Eugene F. Farrell and staff
Half course (fall term). M., W., (F.), at 12. EXAM GROUP: 5
An introduction to the materials and techniques that have been used to produce art objects (paintings, sculpture, works on paper). An emphasis on the physical choices and constraints offered to the artist through the centuries. Problems of description, dating, authenticity, aging, and preservation are considered.
Prerequisite: History of Art and Architecture concentration or two previous art history courses.

[History of Art and Architecture 105. 19th-Century Printmaking]
Catalog Number: 5571 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Marjorie B. Cohn and James Cuno
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
This seminar will explore the techniques (both original and reproductive), social history, and connoisseurship of 19th-century French prints. It will be taught entirely from originals in the Fogg Art Museum. Among the artists to be considered will be Gèricault, Delacroix, Daumier, Meryon, Bresdin, Manet, Degas, Pissarro, Toulouse-Lautrec, and Bonnard.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

History of Art and Architecture 106x. Prints From Then Till Now
Catalog Number: 2475 Enrollment: Limited to 10
Marjorie B. Cohn
Half course (fall term). M., 3–5. EXAM GROUP: 8, 9
A history of Western printmaking, focusing on the origins, functions, and changing fortunes of woodcut, engraving, etching, lithography, and other fine art print techniques. The work of major artists, such as Dürer, Rembrandt, Goya, and Picasso, is analyzed, but the emphasis is on aspects of prints inherent in the medium, such as the role of prints in fostering the development of graphic conventions, their production in collaborative enterprises, and their uses as multiples. Students are encouraged to work on prints and printmakers from time periods and geographical regions of particular interest to them.

History of Art and Architecture 124z. Architecture and Dynastic Legitimacy: The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires
Catalog Number: 4604
Gülru Necipoglu-Kafadar
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., at 11. EXAM GROUP: 13
In the 16th century, three great regional empires partitioned among themselves the central zone of Islam from the Balkans to Bengal. The Mediterranean-based Ottomans, the Safavids in Iran, and the Mughals in India formed separate cultural domains with distinct architectural idioms. the formation of these autonomous architectural modes is traced from their common origins in the 15th-century Timurid heritage. The building types each empire emphasized are studied as an index of differing imperial ideologies and theories of dynastic legitimacy. Variations in the architectural practices of the Mediterranean, Iran, and India are stressed, together with differing modes of architectural decoration.

History of Art and Architecture 130. Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome
Catalog Number: 4494
Rabun Taylor
Half course (fall term). Th., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
This course is a general survey of the architecture and urban development of Rome from its beginning until late antiquity. By studying the city’s monumental center, students will gain an understanding of Rome’s immense cultural legacy in general, and in specific a familiarity with the spatial and topographical vocabulary inherited by the modern urban West. Additionally, by examining the remains of ancient Rome’s infrastructure, they will confront the city as an organic and historical entity.

History of Art and Architecture 135m. Ancient Egyptian Art and Architecture
Catalog Number: 8663
John Baines (Oxford University)
Half course (fall term). M., W., (F.), at 11. EXAM GROUP: 4
Survey of ancient Egyptian art, from the late 4th millenium BC to the Greco-Roman period, against the background of social, intellectual, and historical developments. Architecture is both the fundamental artistic form and the context in which works of art were sited or enacted. The course concentrates on relief, painting, and sculpture in the round, while extending to minor and ephemeral arts, and including such special genres as the stela and the sarcophagus. Theoretical issues relate to the role of art in cilvilization, representatinal forms, text and image, and iconography.

[History of Art and Architecture 137. Cross-Cultural Aesthetics: Proseminar]
Catalog Number: 0302 Enrollment: Limited to 10
Irene J. Winter
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
An inquiry into aesthetic theory as it was developed in Western Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and how that approach may be used to examine the art of non-European traditions. After a set of common readings and discussion, students will be asked to select a particular tradition for research, and examine the utility of such concepts as “beauty” cross-culturally. Class presentation and paper.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 139x. Roman Pompeii and Herculaneum ]
Catalog Number: 9125 Enrollment: Limited to 15
Rabun Taylor
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Herculaneum and Pompeii and their surounding villas are arousing more scholarly interest today than ever. This course will examine the sites from the perspectives of modern archaeology, urban studies, art and architectural history, and landscape architecture. Students will essay new theories of domestic and public space; static and kinetic approaches to public architecture; the practical and aesthetic uses of gardens and horticulture; the application and meaning of art in spatial context, such as wall frescoes, furniture, and sculpture; the workings of public spectacle; and the overall imprint of change as these old Campanian towns grew into thriving Roman ones.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 140r. Byzantine Art]
Catalog Number: 3687 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Ioli Kalavrezou
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Focus is on material from the sphere of personal devotion and practice in connection with relics and other protective or healing objects.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

History of Art and Architecture 142x. The Appearance of the Altarpiece
Catalog Number: 4149 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Stephan S. Wolohojian
Half course (fall term). Th., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16
This seminar will study the emergence of the altarpiece in Italy, c. 1200-1350. It will analyze the formal development of the altar image while examining it as a broader visual category in western art. The altarpiece will be studied in relation to devotional practice, the role played by new relious orders, civic identity, the presence of the altar image in liturgical and ecclesiastical contexts, and in light of the critical and theoretical scholarship that has been devoted to it. The course will also take advantage of the university’s important collection of Early-Italian painting.

History of Art and Architecture 147x. Modes of Visualization in Europe 1000-1500
Catalog Number: 7270
Valentin Groebner
Half course (spring term). Tu., Th., at 10.
The course gives a general introduction into modes of visual perception in Medieval and Renaissance Europe. It will focus less on theories of vision and art themselves (although concepts of representation and theories of the gaze will play an important role) but rather on the practices of visualization in materials, religious and political cultures, i.e. on the relationship between things visible and invisible before the Reformation.

[History of Art and Architecture 149x. Antique Figures in Medieval Landscapes]
Catalog Number: 2812
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Discusses the new and fancy lives that some ancient characters (gods, demigods, heroes, rulers, and poets) were accorded to live in medieval imagination. Particular emphasis on iconographic programs and correlated literary sources.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

History of Art and Architecture 158r. The Renaissance in France
Catalog Number: 6292
Henri Zerner
Half course (spring term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Focuses on a limited aspect of Renaissance Art in France, but always examines a substantial body of material. This year the course will examine the visual arts before the reign of Francis I beginning with the pre-Renaissance at the time of Charles V.

[History of Art and Architecture 171r. Imitation, Copy, Reproduction]
Catalog Number: 8736 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Henri Zerner
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Examines theoretical texts (Quatremrèe de Quincy, Benjamin, Krauss, Schiff, etc.) as well as actual works of art. Discusses such issues as the development of reproductive prints, and the 1960s phenomenon of multiples as well as the concept of orginality and the role of quotation in art.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

History of Art and Architecture 171t. Degas: Beyond Impressionism
Catalog Number: 7454 Enrollment: Limited to 50
James Cuno
Half course (fall term). Tu., Th., at 10. EXAM GROUP: 12
Examination of the character and meaning of Degas’ idiosyncratic body of work in light of recent revisionist histories of Impressionism. Special emphasis will be placed on works in the collection of the Fogg Art Museum.

History of Art and Architecture 171x. The Fifties: Art in Europe and America
Catalog Number: 6297 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Yve-Alain Bois
Half course (fall term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
This is a "period" course in which the geographic barrier separating Europe and the U.S. in the standard historical accounts will be analyzed and put to check. Cross-fertilization as well as radical differences between the two contexts will be underlined (Informel, Yves Klein, Early Pop, Twombly, etc.)

History of Art and Architecture 173y. Difference from Within: Contemporary Women Artists
Catalog Number: 7251 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Ewa Lajer-Burcharth
Half course (spring term). Th., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16
Examines the works of important European and American women artists from the 1950s to the present, including Lee Krasner, Eva Hesse, Hannah Wilkie, Judy Chicago, Rebecca Horn, Mary Kelly, Adrian Piper, Cindy Sherman, and Janine Antoni, among others. Explores the ways of thinking about their art as a representation of difference understood as a historically contingent cultural values rather than a natural or innate quality. Seeks less to pit male vs. female artist than to open up a discussion of the women artist herself as a locus of difference(s) and of the diversity and difference among women’s aesthetic productions.

History of Art and Architecture 177y. Cézanne and his Legacy
Catalog Number: 3686
Harry A. Cooper
Half course (spring term). W., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 6, 7
Paul Cézanne was arguably the most important painter of the French post-impresionist era. This course will survey Cézanne’s long career, emphasizing the formal development of his art and its varying interpretations in the 20th century. Attention will also be paid to his importance for later modern painters.

History of Art and Architecture 184x. Painting of India
Catalog Number: 7460 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Pramod Chandra
Half course (spring term). Tu., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16
The course examines some important styles, notably ancient wall painting as preserved at Ajanta, western Indian Manuscript painting, the Mughal School patronized by the emperor Akbar and its origins, and 17th-century painting from selected states of Rajasthan. patronage, and the relationship of painting to literature, music, religion, and political, social, and cultural conditions will also be studied.

History of Art and Architecture 185. Chinese Calligraphy as Texture of Culture: Proseminar
Catalog Number: 8966 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Eugene Yuejin Wang
Half course (spring term). W., 3–5.
The course examines Chinese calligraphy and the discourse it has inspired. We will see how calligraphic styles serve as rhetorical cues and organizing structures for viewers to articulate polemic positions, ideological stances (e.g. Confucian, Chan-Buddhist, Daoist, etc.), political allegiances, and moral sentiments. Emphasis is given to crucial moments and key calligraphers (e.g. the Two Wangs, the Early-Tang and the Song Masters) who shaped calligraphic history and engendered discourse. The goal is to develop and combine a trained eye, a critical strategy, and a historical knowledge with which cultural significances can be detected and uncovered from the visual texture of calligraphy.

History of Art and Architecture 193x. African Architecture
Catalog Number: 2739 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Suzanne P. Blier
Half course (spring term). Th., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16

History of Art and Architecture 246x. Spiritual Seeing: Imaging God’s Invisibility
Catalog Number: 7140 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Herbert Kessler
Half course (spring term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
Using medieval theories about the apprehension of God, the seminar examines artisticpresentation of the invisible Deity to human sight, e.g. the role of words within pictures, function of ornament, and devices used to suggest the dematerialization of physical images. Students explore the problems through detailed analysis of single monuments.

Primarily for Graduates

History of Art and Architecture 201. The Study of Architectural History: Critical Issues and Methodologies
Catalog Number: 5302 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Sarah Williams Ksiazek (Design School)
Half course (spring term). W., 3–5. EXAM GROUP: 8, 9
For all students interested in the methodological and theoretical concerns of architectural history. Considering the various environmental, tectonic, spatial, interpretive, and professional dimensions of architecture, topics will range from theories of site, function, and meaning to the role of drawings, the client-architect relationship and concepts of restoration and preservation.
Note: Open to qualified undergraduates.

[History of Art and Architecture 206. Science and the Practice of Art History ]
Catalog Number: 6180 Enrollment: Limited to 12.
John Shearman and Henry W. Lie
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
To equip the historian with critical and informed approaches to the range, uses, ambiguities, instruments, and computer applications of scientific, diagnostic investigation of art and architecture, potentially in all media and periods. In short: better to know what we are looking at. In collaboration with specialists in the Straus Center.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

History of Art and Architecture 225. Critical Issues in Islamic Art and Architecture
Catalog Number: 2819 Enrollment: 12
Gülru Necipoglu-Kafadar
Half course (spring term). W., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 6, 7
A critical examination of major issues and methodological problems that have shaped the field since its construction in the 19th century. Themes include the Orientalist discourse on Islamic art and the Islamic city, uses of the classical heritage, aniconism, the arabesque, calligraphy, collecting and exhibiting Islamic art.

History of Art and Architecture 230. Hadrian’s Villa: Tivoli and Beyond
Catalog Number: 8853 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Rabun Taylor
Half course (spring term). Th., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16
Hadrian’s villa at Tivoli culminated the Roman Architectural Revolution. Paying close attention to the villa’s component parts and their unique articulation into a whole, students will investigate the site in light of its Greco-Roman context and of its later influence on Western architecture.

[History of Art and Architecture 232. Assyrian Reliefs and the Visual Program of Assyrian Palace Design]
Catalog Number: 5269 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Irene J. Winter
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
Inquiry into the major sculptural programs of Neo-Assyrian palaces, 9th through 7th centuries BCE. Special attention will be given to the historical surround of individual Assyrian rulers, and to royal texts [in translation] as a way to probe the meaning of the reliefs — their rhetorical function within the palace setting, and their visual impact — in Assyrian terms.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

History of Art and Architecture 234. Representation of the Environment in Ancient Egyptian Art
Catalog Number: 8852 Enrollment: Limited to 12
John Baines (Oxford University)
Half course (fall term). Tu., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
In Egyptian art, important settings in the built and natural environments are depicted both through representational features of architecture and through framing conventions and landscape features in reliefs, paintings, and other media. This seminar studies the use and meanings of setting, environment, and landscape in material from the 3rd to 1st millennia BCE.

[History of Art and Architecture 235. Water in the Roman City: Architecture, Aesthetics, Politics]
Catalog Number: 9309 Enrollment: Limited to 15
Rabun Taylor
Half course (fall term). Hours to be arranged.
The Roman image of civilized life presumed abundant water supplies for baths, pools, fountains, displays, gardens, nautical theater, and everyday consumption. Using physical and testimonial evidence, students will inquire how Roman urbanistic policy and architectural design responded to, and encouraged, the liberal use of water as both commodity and amenity.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 240r. Byzantine Art]
Catalog Number: 4109 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Ioli Kalavrezou
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
Focuses on a limited aspect of Byzantine art, but always examines a substantial body of material. Topic is different each year, to be determined in consultation with prospective students.
Note: Expected to be given in 2000–01.

[History of Art and Architecture 246y. Tomb Sculpture and Gothic Courtly Imagery: A Walk with Madness, Love, and Death]
Catalog Number: 9815 Enrollment: Limited to 15
Serafín Moralejo
Half course (spring term). Hours to be arranged.
The tombs that Peter I of Portugal (d. 1367) ordered for himself and his mistress Agnes, in Alcobaca, furnish the ‘pre-texts’ for a discussion of the interaction of art, literature, and life. Topics include the Ages of man, Fate, Love, and Death; punishment and reward; and the iconographic projection of insanity.

History of Art and Architecture 251r. Italian Art of the Renaissance: Seminar
Catalog Number: 6632 Enrollment: Limited to 12.
John Shearman
Half course (fall term). M., 1–4. EXAM GROUP: 6, 7, 8
Focuses on a limited aspect of Renaissance Art in Italy, but always examines a substantial body of material. Topic is different each year, to be determined in consultation with prospective students.

History of Art and Architecture 252x. Arts of Verification: Identifying Individualism in Renaissance
Catalog Number: 1291 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Valentin Groebner
Half course (spring term). M., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 6, 7
How were people identified in the centuries before the fingerprint? The course will investigate the changing paradigms of recognition and identification in the Renaissance, focusing not only on portraits but also on documents that highlight the not necessarily voluntary nature of ‘individuality’ and ‘personhood’: warrants of apprehension and identity papers.

History of Art and Architecture 268y. Confronting Rubens
Catalog Number: 8596 Enrollment: Limited to 10
Ivan Gaskell
Half course (spring term). Th., 2–4. EXAM GROUP: 16, 17
One painting by Rubens in the Fogg will be discussed, its subject and physical structure analyzed, its place in a concept of authority, in social history, and in the art museum examined. The seminar will consider the nature of the unique object and its relationship to reproductions. Reading knowledge of major European languages expected.

History of Art and Architecture 275z. The Sixties and Beyond: Art in Europe and America, 1960–1975
Catalog Number: 8498 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Yve-Alain Bois
Half course (spring term). W., 3–5. EXAM GROUP: 8, 9
The emphasis will be put on the fast pace evolution of American art during the period extending from 1960 to 1975 (Pop, Minimalism, Process Art, Conceptual Art), but with an eye on what was happening in Europe at the same time (Nouveau Réalisme, Buren, Arte Povera, etc.) Special attention will be given to criticism.

History of Art and Architecture 278y. Modern Art and Subjectivity, 18th Century to the Present
Catalog Number: 2544 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Ewa Lajer-Burcharth
Half course (spring term). Tu., 1–3. EXAM GROUP: 15, 16
Explores the relation between art and the self in its different, modern configurations. How does art contribute to the formation of subjectivity? What is the place of the visual image within broader cultural discourse of the self in the modern period? How are artists represented in their own works?

History of Art and Architecture 283. Early and Medieval Chinese Mortuary Art
Catalog Number: 2078 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Eugene Yuejin Wang
Half course (spring term). M., 3–5. EXAM GROUP: 8, 9
This course explores art in the mortuary context of early and medieval China (2nd century BC to 11th Century AD). Media considered include paintings and stone engravings in tombs, ornamentation of sarcophagi, and reliquaries, etc. Issues to be explored include the shape of imaginary space and representation of the numinous and liminality.

Cross-listed Courses

Afro-American Studies 165y. African Women in Art and History
[Classical Archaeology 131. Introduction to Greek Art and Archaeology, ca. 1200–300 BCE]
Classical Archaeology 136. Archaeology of the Agean Bronze Age
Classical Archaeology 150. Archaic Greece
Classical Archaeology 160. Vase-painting and Iconography
Classical Archaeology 180. Coinage, Politics, and Economy in the Greek World
[German 155. Weimar Cinema: The Laboratory of Modernity]
[German 161. New German Cinema: Oppositional Energies and Utopian Designs]
German 295. Post-War to Post-Wall to Post-Union: The Politics of Cultural Production (European Studies Seminar)
History 1463. Paris From the French Revolution Through the 19th Century: Conference Course
Literature and Arts B-10. Art and Visual Culture: Introduction to the Historical Study of Art and Architecture
Literature and Arts B-21. The Images of Alexander the Great
[Literature and Arts B-27. Majesty and Mythology in African Art]
[Literature and Arts B-31. The Portrait]
Literature and Arts B-35. The Age of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent: Art, Architecture, and Ceremonial at the Ottoman Court
Literature and Arts B-39. Michelangelo
[Literature and Arts B-44. The Architecture of Capital and Court in Western Europe, 1600–1800]
Medieval Studies 101 (formerly History 2277). The Auxiliary Disciplines of Medieval History: Proseminar
[Medieval Studies 105. Production of Manuscripts and Printed Books Before 1600]
Visual and Environmental Studies 143r. The Photographer as Auteur: Studio Course
*Visual and Environmental Studies 155ar. Film Architectures
*Visual and Environmental Studies 155br. A Cultural Study of Film: Mapping and Fashioning Space
*Visual and Environmental Studies 159ar. The Moving Image: Film and Visual Representation
*Visual and Environmental Studies 160. Modernization in the Visual United States Environment, 1890–2035
*Visual and Environmental Studies 166. North American Seacoasts and Landscapes, Discovery to Present: Seminar

Graduate Courses of Reading and Research

*History of Art and Architecture 300. Reading and Research
Catalog Number: 5716
Anne M. Anninger 1686, Suzanne P. Blier 3472, Yve-Alain Bois 2922, Pramod Chandra 7186, Marjorie B. Cohn 4468, Harry A. Cooper 1728, James Cuno 2925, Eugene F. Farrell 1009, Ivan Gaskell 3174, Alice G. Jarrard 2400 (on leave 1999-00), Ioli Kalavrezou 2242 (on leave fall term), Joseph Koerner 1954 (on leave 1999-00), Ewa Lajer-Burcharth 3373, Neil Levine 4178 (on leave fall term), Henry W. Lie 2575, David Gordon Mitten 1290, Serafín Moralejo 3324 (on leave fall term), Robert D. Mowry 1958, Gülru Necipoglu-Kafadar 1688, Peter Nisbet 1738, Gloria Ferrari Pinney 1384 (on leave spring term), William W. Robinson 2239, David J. Roxburgh 2138 (on leave 1999-00), John Shearman 1689, Rabun Taylor 4253, Eugene Yuejin Wang 3600, Irene J. Winter 1955 (on leave 1999-00), Stephan S. Wolohojian 2756, and Henri Zerner 3792
Individual work in preparation for the General Examination for the Ph.D. degree or, by arrangement, on special topics not included in the announced course offerings.

*History of Art and Architecture 301. Museum Apprenticeship
Catalog Number: 1912
Marjorie B. Cohn 4468, Ioli Kalavrezou 2242 (on leave fall term), and Henri Zerner 3792
Members of the Fogg Museum Staff — Curatorial research.

*History of Art and Architecture 309. Thesis Colloquium and/or Thesis Defense
Catalog Number: 6568
Henri Zerner 3792
Note: May not be counted toward course requirements for the Ph.D. degree, but is required before the degree may be granted.

*History of Art and Architecture 318. Methods and Theory of Art History
Catalog Number: 7879 Enrollment: Limited to 12
Suzanne P. Blier 3472
Half course (fall term). W., 3–5. EXAM GROUP: 8, 9

*History of Art and Architecture 399. Direction of Doctoral Dissertations
Catalog Number: 6575
Suzanne P. Blier 3472, Yve-Alain Bois 2922, Pramod Chandra 7186, James Cuno 2925, Alice G. Jarrard 2400 (on leave 1999-00), Ioli Kalavrezou 2242 (on leave fall term), Joseph Koerner 1954 (on leave 1999-00), Ewa Lajer-Burcharth 3373, Neil Levine 4178 (on leave fall term), David Gordon Mitten 1290, Serafín Moralejo 3324 (on leave fall term), Gülru Necipoglu-Kafadar 1688, David J. Roxburgh 2138 (on leave 1999-00), John Shearman 1689, Rabun Taylor 4253, Eugene Yuejin Wang 3600, Cherie A. Wendelken 3471 (on leave spring term), Irene J. Winter 1955 (on leave 1999-00), and Henri Zerner 3792
Note: May not be counted toward course requirements for the Ph.D. degree.